Gilmour is a surname of Scottish or Irish origin, derived from an anglicisation of the Gaelic name Mac Gille Mhoire (meaning "Son of the Follower of the Virgin Mary"), the same origin as the name McLemore. Notable people with this surname include:
- Alan Gilmour (disambiguation)
- Andrew Gilmour (cricketer)
- Bill Gilmour (disambiguation), various, including:
- Billy Gilmour (ice hockey) (1885–1959), Canadian ice hockey player
- Billy Gilmour (born 2001), Scottish footballer
- Clyde Gilmour (1912–1997), Canadian broadcaster and print journalist
- David Gilmour (disambiguation), various, including:
- Doug Gilmour (born 1963), Canadian ice hockey player
- Ginger Gilmour, American artist, model and sculptor
- Graham Gilmour, (1885–1912) was a British pioneer aviator.
- Ian Gilmour, Baron Gilmour of Craigmillar (1926–2007), British politician
- James Gilmour (disambiguation), various
- John Gilmour (disambiguation), various, including:
- Sir John Gilmour of Craigmillar (1605–1671), Lord President of the Court of Session 1661–1671
- Sir John Gilmour, 1st Baronet (1845–1920), Scottish Unionist politician
- Sir John Gilmour, 2nd Baronet (1876–1940), Scottish Unionist politician, Home Secretary, Secretary of State for Scotland
- Sir John Gilmour, 3rd Baronet (1912–2007), Scottish Conservative Party politician, Member of Parliament for East Fife 1961–1979
- John Gilmour (ice hockey), (born 1993), Canadian ice hockey player
- Kirsty Gilmour (born 1993), Scottish badminton player
- Lee Gilmour (born 1978), English former professional rugby league footballer
- Leon Gilmour (1907–1996), American printmaker
- Léonie Gilmour (1873–1933), American educator, editor, and journalist.
- Raymond Gilmour (1959–2016), Northern Irish republican paramilitary who later became a double agent, reporting to British security
- Robert Gilmour Leckie (1833–1914), Canadian mining engineer