Goddard Institute for Space Studies

"GISS" redirects here. For The ornithological term, see Jizz (birding).
Goddard Institute for Space Studies
FoundedMay 1961 (1961-05)[1]
FounderRobert Jastrow
FocusAtmospheric and climate change
Location
  • New York City, United States
Locations
Coordinates40°48′20″N 73°57′55″W / 40.80556°N 73.96528°W / 40.80556; -73.96528
AffiliationsColumbia University, NASA
Websitewww.giss.nasa.gov

The Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) is a laboratory in the Earth Sciences Division of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center affiliated with the Columbia University Earth Institute.[2] The institute is located at Columbia University in New York City. It was named after Robert H. Goddard, American engineer, professor, physicist and inventor who is credited with creating and building the world's first liquid-fueled rocket.[3]

Research at the GISS emphasizes a broad study of global change, the natural and anthropogenic changes in our environment that affect the habitability of our planet. These effects may occur on greatly differing time scales, from one-time forcings such as volcanic explosions, to seasonal/annual effects such as El Niño, and on up to the millennia of ice ages.

The institute's research combines analysis of comprehensive global datasets (derived from surface stations combined with satellite data for sea surface temperatures) with global models of atmospheric, land surface, and oceanic processes. Study of past climate change on Earth and of other planetary atmospheres provides an additional tool in assessing general understanding of the atmosphere and its evolution.[4]

GISS was established in May 1961 by Robert Jastrow to do basic research in space sciences in support of Goddard programs.[5][6][7] Formally the institute was the New York City office of the GSFC Theoretical Division but was known as the Goddard Space Flight Center Institute for Space Studies or in some publications as simply the Institute for Space Studies. But even before it opened, the institute had been referred to in the press as the Goddard Institute for Space Studies.[8] It was separated from the Theoretical Division in July 1962. Its offices were originally located in The Interchurch Center, and the institute moved into Columbia's Armstrong Hall (a renovated apartment building previously known as the Ostend apartments and subsequently the Oxford Residence Hotel) in April 1966.

From 1981 to 2013, GISS was directed by James E. Hansen. In June 2014, Gavin A. Schmidt was named the institute's third director.[9]

  1. ^ "The institute was established in May 1961, by Dr. Robert Jastrow, following its approval in December 1960 by NASA Administrator T. Keith Glennan". Archived from the original on March 18, 2021. Retrieved May 5, 2014.
  2. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from Overview. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
  3. ^ "Dr. Robert H. Goddard, American Rocketry Pioneer". NASA. February 11, 2015. Archived from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
  4. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) (611) Home. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
  5. ^ R.L. Rosholt (1966). "Administrative History of NASA, 1958-1963". NASA. p. 124. NASA SP-4101.
  6. ^ Homer E. Newell Jr. (1980). "Beyond the Atmosphere: Early Years of Space Science". NASA. pp. 237–239. NASA SP-4211.
  7. ^ L.E. Wallace (1999). "Dreams, Hopes, Realities: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center: The First Forty Years". NASA. pp. 24–25. NASA SP-4312.
  8. ^ "Space Study Group Slated Here in May". The New York Times. January 29, 1961.
  9. ^ "NASA Names Schmidt Director of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies".