The Gough-Calthorpe family is descended from ancient and notable families who both held lands in the area around Birmingham, England.
Sir Henry Gough, 1st Baronet, Member of Parliament, (1709–1774) was made a baronet in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom in 1728. He married into the Calthorpe family, descendants of the Calthorpes who held the manors of Cockthorpe, Norfolk, and Ampton, Suffolk, and who were also sometime Lords of the Manor of Edgbaston. The fess ermine in Birmingham's coat of arms is a reference to the arms of the Calthorpe family.
The Calthorpe Barony (1796) became extinct in June 1997 when the last Baron died without a male heir.