Gourd mouth organ

This article is about a mouth organ made from dried green gourds that can go up to about 12 feet. For similar, but smaller, instruments made from pear-shaped bottle gourds, see Hulusi.
"Hulusheng" redirects here. For similar mouth organs, see Hulusi and Sheng (instrument).
Gourd mouth organ
A đing nǎm of the Ede people of Vietnam's Central Highlands
Woodwind instrument
Classification Free reed mouth organ
Hornbostel–Sachs classification412.132
(Sets of free reeds)
Inventor(s)Empress Nüwa (Chinese belief, actual inventor cannot be traced)
Developed3rd millennium BC
Related instruments

The gourd mouth organ is a free reed mouth organ played across East and Southeast Asia. It consists of a gourd wind chest with several bamboo or bronze pipes inserted on top of it, the numbers of pipes differing from region to region.[1]

The gourd mouth organ is closely associated with cultural minorities in Asian countries; thus, its styles are diverse, and different counterparts can be seen across different cultures.[2] In southern China, the generic name of the gourd mouth organ is Hulu Sheng [3] (葫芦笙; pinyin: húlúshēng; literally "gourd sheng"). The accompaniment of the instrument is essential to the ethnic minorities in China's southern province of Yunnan, such as the Lahu, Yi, Miao and Naxi, especially during their ritual Tage dancing.[4]

In southeast Asia, like Upper Myanmar, northern Laos, northeast Thailand, and Rattanakiri province in Cambodia, the gourd mouth organ is also an essential part of the people's daily and ceremonial lives.[2] In Thailand, it is called naw among the Lahu, lachi among the Akha, and fulu among the Lisu; in Cambodia, it is called ploy; in northeastern Borneo, it is called sumpoton; and in Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam and Bangladesh, it is called đing nǎm or m'buot.[2][5][6]

The gourd mouth organ is tuned based on the pentatonic scale without semitones, especially in the melodies, and the melodies are usually accompanied by chords.[1] Pitches can be changed by closing and opening the pipe holes.[3] The players hold the instrument almost horizontally and blow into the windchest during aspiration.[1]

  1. ^ a b c Sachs, C. (2012). The history of musical instruments. Courier Corporation.
  2. ^ a b c Uchida, R., & Catlin, A. (2008). Music of upland minorities in Burma, Laos, and Thailand. The Garland Handbook of Southeast Asian Music, 303-316.
  3. ^ a b Thrasher, A. R. (2015). Hulu sheng. In New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Oxford University Press. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.L2281219
  4. ^ Ling, W. (2011). "Images of Tage from Yunnan, China". Music in Art. 36 (1–2): 245–256. JSTOR 41818688.
  5. ^ Chapman, A. (2005). "Breath and Bamboo: Diasporic Lao Identity and the Lao Mouth-Organ". Journal of Intercultural Studies. 26 (1–2): 5–20. doi:10.1080/07256860500073971. S2CID 143453273.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference :7 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).