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Governorate of Dalmatia Governatorato di Dalmazia (Italian) | |||||||||||||
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1941–1943 | |||||||||||||
Motto: FERT (Motto for the House of Savoy) | |||||||||||||
Anthem: Marcia Reale d'Ordinanza[a] ("Royal March of Ordinance") | |||||||||||||
Status | Provinces of the Kingdom of Italy | ||||||||||||
Capital | Zara | ||||||||||||
Common languages | |||||||||||||
Religion | Roman Catholic | ||||||||||||
King | |||||||||||||
• 1941–1943 | Victor Emmanuel III | ||||||||||||
Governor | |||||||||||||
• 1941 | Athos Bartolucci | ||||||||||||
• 1941–1943 | Giuseppe Bastianini | ||||||||||||
• 1943 | Francesco Giunta | ||||||||||||
Historical era | World War II | ||||||||||||
17 April 1941 | |||||||||||||
10 September 1943 | |||||||||||||
Area | |||||||||||||
• Total | 5,242[2] km2 (2,024 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
Population | |||||||||||||
• 1941 | 380,100 | ||||||||||||
• Density | 61.6[2]/km2 (159.5/sq mi) | ||||||||||||
Currency | Italian lira | ||||||||||||
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The Governorate of Dalmatia (Italian: Governatorato di Dalmazia) was an administrative division of the Kingdom of Italy, established in 1941, following the military conquest of Yugoslavian Dalmatia by General Vittorio Ambrosio, during World War II. It had the provisional purpose of progressively importing Italian national legislation in Dalmatia in place of the previous one, thus fully integrating it into the Kingdom of Italy.
It was a territory divided into three provinces of Italy during the Fascist Italy and Italian Empire epoch. It was created later as an entity in April 1941 at the start of World War II in Yugoslavia, by uniting the existing province of Zara with occupied Yugoslav territory annexed by Italy after the invasion of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers and the signing of the Rome Treaties.[3]
The governorate was the revival of the eponymous and ephemeral institute established by the Kingdom of Italy in Dalmatia following the defeat of Austria-Hungary in World War I in 1918, given the London Pact (1915), which also promised Italy part of Dalmatia (for the presence of Dalmatian Italians). However, both the peace settlement negotiations of 1919 to 1920 and the Fourteen Points of Woodrow Wilson, who advocated self-determination, took precedence, with Italy being permitted to annex only Zadar from Dalmatia, with the rest of Dalmatia being part of Yugoslavia. Enraged Italian nationalists considered the decision to be a betrayal of the promises of the London Pact, so this outcome was denounced as a "mutilated victory".