| Great St Bernard Pass | |
|---|---|
| French: Col du Grand St-Bernard Italian: Colle del Gran San Bernardo German: Grosser Sankt Bernhard | |
 | |
| Elevation | 2,469 m (8,100 ft)[1] |
| Traversed by | Road |
| Location | Valais, Switzerland Aosta Valley, Italy |
| Range | Pennine Alps |
| Coordinates | 45°52′08″N 7°10′14″E / 45.86889°N 7.17056°E |
| Topo map | Swiss Federal Office of Topography swisstopo |
  Location in Switzerland | |
The Great St Bernard Pass (French: Col du Grand St-Bernard, Italian: Colle del Gran San Bernardo, German: Grosser Sankt Bernhard; Romansh: Pass del Grond Son Bernard) is the third highest road pass in Switzerland, at an elevation of 2,469 m (8,100 ft). It connects Martigny in the canton of Valais in Switzerland with Aosta in the region Aosta Valley in Italy. It is the lowest pass lying on the ridge between the two highest mountains of the Alps, Mont Blanc and Monte Rosa. It is located on the main watershed that separates the basin of the Rhône from that of the Po.[2]
Great St Bernard is one of the most ancient passes through the Western Alps, with evidence of use as far back as the Bronze Age and surviving traces of a Roman road. In 1800, Napoleon's army used the pass to enter Italy, an event depicted in Jacques-Louis David's Napoleon at the Saint-Bernard Pass and Paul Delaroche's Bonaparte Crossing the Alps, both notable oil paintings. Having been bypassed by easier and more practical routes, particularly the Great St Bernard Tunnel, a road tunnel which opened in 1964, its value today is mainly historical and recreational.
Straddling the highest point of the road, the Great St Bernard Hospice was founded in 1049. The hospice later became famous for its use of St. Bernard dogs in rescue operations. The Italian side of the area includes several facilities as well. Between them is the small Great St Bernard Lake.