Grigory Zass

Baron
Grigory von Zass
Григорий фон Засс[1]
Georg Otto Ewald Freiherr von Saß
Born(1797-04-29)29 April 1797
Died4 December 1883(1883-12-04) (aged 86)
Šķēde Manor, Courland Governorate, Russian Empire
MonumentsMonument to General G. H. Sass
NationalityBaltic German[2]
Citizenship Russian Empire
OccupationMilitary officer
Known forRussian general, participant in the Caucasian War. He is known for pursuing an extremely cruel policy in which he intimidated the Circassians as part of the Circassian genocide.[3]
Notable workFounded the city of Armavir in Krasnodar Krai
TitleBaron
SpouseBaroness Wilhelmina Manteuffel
Parents
  • Kreiss Marshal Georg Christoph Sass (father)
  • Countess Annette Kettler (mother)
Call signZassovsky
Military career
Allegiance Tsar of Russia[4][5]
Service / branch Imperial Russian Army
Years of service
  • 1813–1848 (initial enlistment)
  • 1849–1864 (2nd enlistment)
  • 1864–1883 (Caucasian Reserve Army)
RankGeneral of Cavalry
UnitGrodno Hussar Regiment, Pskov Cuirassier Regiment, Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment, Mozdok Cossack Regiment, Caucasian Army
Commands
  • Batalpashinsky section of the Kuban line, 1833
  • Entire Kuban line, 1835
  • Chief of the right flank of the Caucasian line, 1840
  • The vanguard of the 3rd Corps, 1849
Conflict
Awards

Grigory Khristoforovich von Zass (Russian: Григорий Христофорович Засс; 1797–1883) was an Imperial Russian general who commanded Russian cavalry troops in the Napoleonic Wars and Russo-Circassian War,[6][7][8][9][10][11] initially gaining prominence for his genocidal actions against the Circassians, whom he reportedly saw as a "lowly race".[12][13][14][15] He was the founder of the city of Armavir, Russia.[6]

In 2003, the Russian Federation controversially erected his statue on former Circassian territories where the Circassian genocide occurred, infuriating Circassians and Circassian nationalist establishments worldwide.[16][17]

  1. ^ "ZASS Grigory Khristoforovich fon (2797–1883), baron, general ot kavalerii, geroy Kavkazskoy voyny" ЗАСС Григорий Христофорович фон (1797–1883), барон, генерал от кавалерии, герой Кавказской войны. Encyclopedia of Germans of Russia. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
  2. ^ "ZASS Grigory Khristoforovich fon (2797–1883), baron, general ot kavalerii, geroy Kavkazskoy voyny" ЗАСС Григорий Христофорович фон (1797–1883), барон, генерал от кавалерии, герой Кавказской войны. Encyclopedia of Germans of Russia. Retrieved 20 January 2022. He came from an ancient Westphalian baronial family. His ancestors in the fifteenth century moved to the Baltic States.
  3. ^ "Zass Grigory Khristoforovich" Засс Григорий Христофорович. Caucasian Knot. 20 May 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2022. Русский генерал, участник Кавказской войны. Известен тем, что проводил крайне жестокую политику устрашения черкесов. [Russian general, participant in the Caucasian War. He is known for pursuing an extremely cruel policy of intimidating the Circassians.]
  4. ^ "ZASS Grigory Khristoforovich fon (1797–1883), baron, general ot kavalerii, geroy Kavkazskoy voyny" ЗАСС Григорий Христофорович фон (1797–1883), барон, генерал от кавалерии, герой Кавказской войны. Encyclopedia of Germans of Russia. Retrieved 20 January 2022. Emperor Alexander II ordered Sass to be enlisted
  5. ^ "Zass Grigory Khristoforovich" Засс Григорий Христофорович. Caucasian Knot. 20 May 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2022. 1864, G. H. von Sass was again called up for service by Alexander II
  6. ^ a b Щербина Ф. А. История Армавира и черкесо-горцев. — Екатеринодар: Электро-тип. т-во «Печатник», 1916.
  7. ^ Dönmez, Yılmaz (31 May 2018). "General Zass'ın Kızının Adigeler Tarafından Kaçırılışı". ÇERKES-FED (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  8. ^ "Jembulat Bolotoko: The Prince of Princes (Part One)". Jamestown. Archived from the original on 25 October 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
  9. ^ "Bianet :: Çerkeslerden Rusya'ya: Kolonyalist politikalarınız nefret ekiyor". m.bianet.org. Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  10. ^ "Zass Grigory Khristoforovich" Засс Григорий Христофорович. Кавказский Узел. Archived from the original on 23 July 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  11. ^ "ZASS Grigory Khristoforovich fon (1797–1883), baron, general ot kavalerii, geroy Kavkazskoy voyny" ЗАСС Григорий Христофорович фон (1797–1883), барон, генерал от кавалерии, герой Кавказской войны. enc.rusdeutsch.ru. Archived from the original on 11 December 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  12. ^ Richmond, Walter (9 April 2013). The Circassian Genocide. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-6069-4.
  13. ^ "Velyaminov, Zass ve insan kafası biriktirme hobisi". Jıneps Gazetesi (in Turkish). 2 September 2013. Archived from the original on 13 October 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  14. ^ Duvar, Gazete (14 September 2020). "Kafkasya'nın istenmeyen Rus anıtları: Kolonyal geçmişi hatırlatıyorlar". Gazeteduvar (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  15. ^ Rajović, G. & Ezhevski, D. O. & Vazerova, A. G. & Trailovic, M.. (2018). "The Tactics and Strategy of General G.Kh. Zass in the Caucasus". Bylye Gody. 50. 1492–1498. doi:10.13187/bg.2018.4.1492.[dead link]
  16. ^ PT (2020). "Çerkeslerden Rusya'ya: Kolonyalist politikalarınız nefret ekiyor" [Circassians to Russia: Your colonialist policies sow hatred]. Bianet (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  17. ^ Dzutsati, Valery (8 November 2016). "New Monuments of Russian Heroes of Russian-Circassian War Anger Circassians". Eurasia Daily Monitor. The Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 13 August 2021. Retrieved 13 August 2021.