Guild's Lake

Guild's Lake
Balloon ascension over Guild's Lake during the 1905 Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition in Portland, Oregon
Exposition balloon over the lake in 1905
Guild's Lake was located in Portland, Oregon
Guild's Lake was located in Portland, Oregon
Guild's Lake
Location of historic Guild's Lake in Oregon
LocationWillamette River floodplain near Balch Creek
Multnomah, Oregon, United States
Coordinates45°32′49″N 122°43′14″W / 45.54694°N 122.72056°W / 45.54694; -122.72056[1]
TypeLake
Surface elevation33 ft (10 m)
SettlementsNorthwest Portland

Guild's Lake (also Guild Lake[1][2]) was a flood-prone lowland near the confluence of Balch Creek with the Willamette River in the U.S. state of Oregon.[3] Indigenous Multnomah people established villages on nearby Sauvie Island but not in the swampy area along the Balch Creek side of the river in what later became northwest Portland.[4] The lake was at an elevation of 33 feet (10 m) above sea level between what later became Northwest Saint Helens Road and Northwest Yeon Street, slightly west of Northwest 35th Avenue in the Northwest Industrial district of Portland.[1][5]

The lake took its name from Peter Guild (pronounced guile), one of the first 19th-century settlers in the area.[3] In 1847, he acquired nearly 600 acres (2.4 km2) of the wetlands through a donation land claim.[4] After Guild's death in 1870,[3] various landowners modified the area to accommodate sawmills, railroads, shipping docks,[4] and Portland's city garbage incinerator.[3] The Guild's Lake Rail Yard, built by the Northern Pacific Railway in the 1880s, became an important switching yard for trains.[4] Beginning in the 1890s, channel-deepening in the Willamette River improved the city's status as a deep-water seaport, as did completion in 1914 of a port terminal. These developments helped make nearby Guild's Lake the most important industrial area in Portland.[4]

In 1905, the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition, held on an artificial island in Guild's Lake, had helped spur growth in the area. After the exposition ended, developers filled the lake and its surrounds with rocks and gravel sluiced from parts of the Balch Creek watershed in the West Hills above the floodplain or dredged from the Willamette River. Civic leaders promoted the Guild's Lake area as a good place for industry, and by the mid-1920s the lake was gone.[4] Instead, it became "a drying and settling mud flat ... awaiting development during World War II".[6] During World War II, the Guild's Lake Housing Project, an adjunct to the Vanport project, provided temporary housing for workers in the nearby Kaiser Shipyards.[7][8] After the war, chemical and petroleum processing and storage, metals manufacturing, and other large industries expanded in the area. In 2001, the Portland City Council adopted the Guild's Lake Industrial Sanctuary Plan aimed at protecting the area's "long-term economic viability as an industrial district."[4]

  1. ^ a b c "Guild Lake (historical)". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. September 14, 1999.
  2. ^ Lewis A. McArthur; Lewis L. McArthur (2003). Oregon Geographic Names (7th ed.). Portland: Oregon Historical Society Press. p. 433. ISBN 0-87595-278-X.
  3. ^ a b c d Dibling, Karin; Martin, Julie Kay; Olson, Meghan Stone; Webb, Gayle (2006). "Photo Essay: Guild's Lake Industrial District: The Process of Change over Time". Oregon Historical Quarterly. 107 (1). The Oregon Historical Society: 88–105. doi:10.1353/ohq.2006.0074. JSTOR 20615612. S2CID 245847313.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Bureau of Planning (2001). "Guild's Lake Industrial Sanctuary Plan" (PDF). City of Portland. pp. 15–16. Retrieved January 19, 2011.
  5. ^ Modern location derived via Google Earth from Geographic Names Information System coordinates.
  6. ^ Abbott, Carl (19 April 2001). Greater Portland: Urban Life and Landscape in the Pacific Northwest. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 66. ISBN 0-8122-1779-9.
  7. ^ Tanya Lyn March (2010). Guild's Lake Courts: an impermanent housing project (Ph.D. dissertation). Portland State University. doi:10.15760/etd.2806.
  8. ^ Maben, Manley (1987). Vanport: Ships for Victory. Portland, Oregon: Oregon Historical Society Press. p. 87. ISBN 0-87595-118-X.