Guillardia

Guillardia
Guillardia theta. DAPI-staining images showing the representative cells of cell cycle stages based on the localization of the nucleus and the shape of the chloroplast. DIC, images of differential interference contact; Chl, chloroplast autofluorescence; Chl/DAPI, merged images of Chl and DAPI. The double arrowhead indicates constriction of the chloroplast division site. Scale bar = 5 µm
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Class: Cryptophyceae
Order: Pyrenomonadales
Family: Geminigeraceae
Genus: Guillardia
D. R. A. Hill & R. Wetherbee
Species:
G. theta
Binomial name
Guillardia theta
D. R. A. Hill & R. Wetherbee

Guillardia is a genus of marine biflagellate cryptomonad algae with a plastid obtained through secondary endosymbiosis of a red alga.[1]

Originally identified in Connecticut by Richard Guillard in the 1960s, Guillardia only has one described species.[2] The genus is rare in the wild, but cultures well and has been frequently studied since its original discovery. The general morphology of the small cell is well described, and shares many similarities with other cryptomonads, though it contains a unique organization of periplasm.[2] Guillardia is the only cryptomonad to have its entire nucleus, nucleomorph, and plastid genome sequenced.[2][3][4] This knowledge has prompted further studies on gene transfer between chloroplast, the ancestral red algal nucleomorph, and the nucleus,[5] as well as regulation of photosynthetic[6] and cell cycle gene expression within the plastid.[7] The genus is also important in research across biological disciplines; Guillardia serves as a model organism in the study of secondary endosymbiosis and photosynthesis in cryptomonads due to its ease of culture and sequenced genome.[8] Two anion channelrhodopsins have also been isolated from Guillardia theta for neurobiological research applications as optogenetic inhibitors.[9]

  1. ^ Hoef-Emden, Kerstin; Archibald, John M. (2016), Archibald, John M.; Simpson, Alastair G.B.; Slamovits, Claudio H.; Margulis, Lynn (eds.), "Cryptophyta (Cryptomonads)", Handbook of the Protists, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–41, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_35-1, ISBN 978-3-319-32669-6, retrieved 28 April 2023
  2. ^ a b c Hill, David R. A.; Wetherbee, Richard (1 September 1990). "Guillardia theta gen. et sp.nov. (Cryptophyceae)". Canadian Journal of Botany (in French). 68 (9): 1873–1876. doi:10.1139/b90-245. ISSN 0008-4026.
  3. ^ Douglas, Susan E.; Penny, Susanne L. (1 February 1999). "The Plastid Genome of the Cryptophyte Alga, Guillardia theta: Complete Sequence and Conserved Synteny Groups Confirm Its Common Ancestry with Red Algae". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 48 (2): 236–244. Bibcode:1999JMolE..48..236D. doi:10.1007/PL00006462. ISSN 1432-1432. PMID 9929392. S2CID 2005223.
  4. ^ Gillott, Marcelle A.; Gibbs, Sarah P. (December 1980). "THE CRYPTOMONAD NUCLEOMORPH: ITS ULTRASTRUCTURE AND EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE1". Journal of Phycology. 16 (4): 558–568. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.1980.tb03074.x. S2CID 84702891.
  5. ^ Curtis, Bruce A.; Tanifuji, Goro; Burki, Fabien; Gruber, Ansgar; Irimia, Manuel; Maruyama, Shinichiro; Arias, Maria C.; Ball, Steven G.; Gile, Gillian H.; Hirakawa, Yoshihisa; Hopkins, Julia F.; Kuo, Alan; Rensing, Stefan A.; Schmutz, Jeremy; Symeonidi, Aikaterini (December 2012). "Algal genomes reveal evolutionary mosaicism and the fate of nucleomorphs". Nature. 492 (7427): 59–65. Bibcode:2012Natur.492...59C. doi:10.1038/nature11681. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 23201678. S2CID 4380094.
  6. ^ Onuma, Ryo; Mishra, Neha; Miyagishima, Shin-ya (24 May 2017). "Regulation of chloroplast and nucleomorph replication by the cell cycle in the cryptophyte Guillardia theta". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 2345. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.2345O. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-02668-2. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5443833. PMID 28539635.
  7. ^ Cheregi, Otilia; Kotabová, Eva; Prášil, Ondřej; Schröder, Wolfgang P.; Kaňa, Radek; Funk, Christiane (6 August 2015). "Presence of state transitions in the cryptophyte algaGuillardia theta". Journal of Experimental Botany. 66 (20): 6461–6470. doi:10.1093/jxb/erv362. ISSN 0022-0957. PMC 4588893. PMID 26254328.
  8. ^ Vilchis, María Concepción Lora (6 September 2022). "Cryptophyte: Biology, Culture, and Biotechnological Applications". Progress in Microalgae Research – A Path for Shaping Sustainable Futures. IntechOpen. doi:10.5772/intechopen.107009. ISBN 978-1-80356-024-3.
  9. ^ Govorunova, Elena G.; Sineshchekov, Oleg A.; Hemmati, Raheleh; Janz, Roger; Morelle, Olivier; Melkonian, Michael; Wong, Gane K.-S.; Spudich, John L. (1 May 2018). "Extending the Time Domain of Neuronal Silencing with Cryptophyte Anion Channelrhodopsins". eNeuro. 5 (3). doi:10.1523/ENEURO.0174-18.2018. ISSN 2373-2822. PMC 6051594. PMID 30027111.