Guiyi Circuit

Guiyi Circuit
Golden Mountain Kingdom of Western Han
Dunhuang Kingdom of Western Han
歸義軍 / 西漢金山國 / 西漢敦煌國
851–1036
Location of Guiyi Circuit
StatusCircuit/Kingdom/Tributary to Tang dynasty
CapitalGanzhou (Zhangye)
Shazhou (Dunhuang)
Common languagesChinese, Old Tibetan, Sogdian
GovernmentMonarchy, Military
History 
• Established
851
• Disestablished
1036
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Tibetan Empire
Dingnan Jiedushi
Xiliangfu
Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom
Today part ofChina

The Guiyi Circuit, also known as the Guiyi Army (Chinese: 歸義軍; pinyin: Guīyì Jūn; Wade–Giles: Kui1-i4 Chün1; lit. 'Returning-to-Righteousness Army', 848–1036 AD), Golden Mountain Kingdom of Western Han (西漢金山國; Xīhàn Jīnshān guó; Hsi-han Chin-shan kuo, 909–911), and Dunhuang Kingdom of Western Han (西漢敦煌國; Xīhàn Dūnhuáng guó; Hsi-han Tun-huang kuo, 911–914), was a Chinese regional military command and later an autonomous dynastic regime nominally subordinate to the Tang dynasty, the Five Dynasties, and the Northern Song dynasty. The Guiyi Circuit was controlled by the Zhang family from the second half of the 9th century to the 10th century and then the Cao family until the 11th century. The Guiyi Circuit was headquartered in Shazhou (沙州; modern-day Dunhuang).