Guru Gobind Singh

"Gobind Singh" redirects here. For the recipient of the Victoria Cross, see Gobind Singh (VC). For the Malaysian politician, see Gobind Singh Deo.

Guru Gobind Singh
ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ
Guru Gobind Singh
Contemporary painting of Guru Gobind Singh (seated) found within a Dasam Granth manuscript of Anandpur Sahib
Personal
Born
Gobind Das

22 December 1666[1]
Patna Sahib, Bihar Subah, Mughal Empire
Died7 October 1708(1708-10-07) (aged 41)
Hazur Sahib, Nanded, Bidah Subah, Mughal Empire
Cause of deathAssassination[16][17]
ReligionSikhism
SpouseMata Ajeet Kaur
Mata Sundar Kaur
Mata Sahib Kaur[2]
Children
Parents
Known for
Other namesTenth Nanak[18]
Tenth Master
Dashmesh Pita
Pen nameShyam
Ram
Kaal
Gobind Das
Nanak
Gobind Singh
Shah Gobind[13][14][15]
Signature
Military service
CommandsSupreme Commander of Akal Sena (1675–1699)
Supreme Commander of Khalsa Fauj (1699–1708)
Supreme Commander of Khalsa Panth (Eternal)
Battles/warsWars

Battles

Organization
Founder of Khalsa Khalsa Fauj
Religious career
PredecessorGuru Tegh Bahadur
SuccessorGuru Granth Sahib
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Preview warning: Page using Template:Infobox religious biography with unknown parameter "battles"
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Guru Gobind Singh (Punjabi pronunciation: [gʊɾuː goːbɪn̪d̪ᵊ sɪ́ŋgᵊ]; born Gobind Das;[a] 22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708)[1][19] was the tenth and last human Sikh Guru.[20][b] He was a warrior, poet, and philosopher. In 1675, at the age of nine he was formally installed as the leader of the Sikhs after his father Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed by Emperor Aurangzeb.[20][c] His father was the ninth Sikh Guru. His four biological sons died during his lifetime – two in battle and two executed by the Mughal governor Wazir Khan.[26][27][28]

Among his notable contributions to Sikhism are founding the Sikh warrior community called Khalsa in 1699[4][29][30] and introducing the Five Ks, the five articles of faith that Khalsa Sikhs wear at all times. Guru Gobind Singh is credited with the Dasam Granth whose hymns are a sacred part of Sikh prayers and Khalsa rituals.[31][32] He is also credited as the one who finalized and enshrined the Guru Granth Sahib as Sikhism's primary holy religious scripture and the eternal Guru.[33][34] He also established the concept of Guru Panth as his spiritual successor, however this manner of guruship is seldom evoked today.[35]

  1. ^ a b Ganda Singh. "Gobind Singh, Guru (1666–1708)". Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Punjabi University Patiala. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference dalbirsingh144 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Singh, Harbans (1992–1998). The encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Vol. 4. Patiala: Punjabi University. pp. 463–464. ISBN 9788173805301.
  4. ^ a b Mandair, Arvind-Pal Singh; Shackle, Christopher; Singh, Gurharpal (2013). Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity. Routledge. pp. 25–28. ISBN 978-1-136-84627-4.
  5. ^ "Debating the Dasam Granth". aarweb.org. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
  6. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh (1997). The Sikh Reference Book. Sikh Educational Trust for Sikh University Centre, Denmark. p. 94. ISBN 9780969596424. Some Sikhs, out of ignorance, began using " deh shiva bar mohe ihai shubh karman te kabhoon na taron ... " as the Sikh national anthem.
  8. ^ Williams, Victoria (2016). "Dastaar Bandi and Amrit Sanchar, Sikhism". Celebrating life customs around the world : from baby showers to funerals. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-4408-3658-9. OCLC 956633929. During the ceremony the amrit is accompanied by a solemn oath in the presence of Sri Guru Granth Sahib and Panj Pyare, or the five beloved ones. Panj Pyare is a quintet of initiated Sikh men or women that act as leaders within the Sikh community. The Panj Pyare oversee the Amrit Sanchar ceremony by preparing the initiates and administering the amrit to those ready to be initiated
  9. ^ Singh, Balawindara (2004). Fifty-Two Commandments Of Guru Gobind Singh. Michigan, US: Singh Bros. p. 9.
  10. ^ Singh, Satbir (1991). Aad Sikh Te Aad Sakhian. Jalandhar: New Book Company.
  11. ^ "What is the kirpan?". World Sikh Organization of Canada. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  12. ^ "Bole So Nihal | Asian Ethnic Religion | Religious Comparison". Retrieved 7 December 2017 – via Scribd.
  13. ^ Gandhi, Surjit Singh (1978). History of the Sikh Gurus: A Comprehensive Study. Gur Das Kapur. p. 607.
  14. ^ In the last stanza of Chaupai Sahib Guru Gobind Singh refers to himself as Gobind Das
  15. ^ Singh, Kamalroop (2015). The Grańth of Guru Gobind Singh : essays, lectures, and translations. Gurinder Singh Mann (1st ed.). New Delhi. pp. 66, 68, 77. ISBN 978-0-19-945897-4. OCLC 932463542.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference FenechMcleodp9 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference Grewal1998p78 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ Singh, Pashaura; Fenech, Louis E. (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press. p. 311. ISBN 978-0-19-969930-8.
  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference colesambhip36 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ a b Mayled, Jon (2002). Sikhism. Heinemann. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-435-33627-1.
  21. ^ The Sikhs : faith, philosophy & folk. Lustre Press. 1998. ISBN 9788174360373.
  22. ^ Jenkins 2000, p. 200.
  23. ^ Grewal 1998, p. 72.
  24. ^ Olson 2007, p. 23.
  25. ^ Truschke 2017, pp. 54–55.
  26. ^ Seiple, Chris; Hoover, Dennis; Otis, Pauletta (2013). The Routledge Handbook of Religion and Security. Routledge. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-415-66744-9.;
    Richards, John F. (1995). The Mughal Empire. Cambridge University Press. pp. 255–258. ISBN 978-0-521-56603-2.
  27. ^ "The Sikh Review". Sikh Cultural Centre. 20 (218–229): 28. 1972.
  28. ^ Hardip Singh Syan (2013). Sikh Militancy in the Seventeenth Century: Religious Violence in Mughal and Early Modern India. I.B. Tauris. pp. 218–222. ISBN 978-1-78076-250-0.
  29. ^ "BBC Religions – Sikhism". BBC. 26 October 2009. Archived from the original on 23 January 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  30. ^ Dhavan, P (2011). When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699–1799. Oxford University Press. pp. 3–4. ISBN 978-0-19-975655-1.
  31. ^ Cite error: The named reference britdasam was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  32. ^ Cite error: The named reference McLeod1990 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  33. ^ Cite error: The named reference MandairShackle2013p11 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  34. ^ Shelke, Christopher (2009). Divine covenant: rainbow of religions and cultures. Gregorian Press. p. 199. ISBN 978-88-7839-143-7.
  35. ^ McLeod, W. H. (24 July 2009). The A to Z of Sikhism. Scarecrow Press. pp. 84–86. ISBN 9780810863446. Guru Gobind Singh is traditionally believed to have announced that the personal transmission would end at his death, but that the mystical Guru would remain embodied in the scripture and the corporate Panth. ... GURU PANTH. The Guru Panth was a doctrine particularly suited to the circumstances of the 18th century, providing an effective means of decision making for Sikhs who were divided into several misls. When unification was achieved under Ranjit Singh the practice of eliciting corporate decisions from the Panth was discarded. The doctrine is still maintained today, and efforts are occasionally made to seek the Guru's will by this means. It is, however, seldom invoked. The voice of the Guru is much more commonly sought through the words of the Guru Granth.


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