Gustavo Rojas Pinilla | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 26th President of Colombia | |
| In office 13 June 1953 – 10 May 1957 | |
| Preceded by | Laureano Gómez |
| Succeeded by | Gabriel París (President of the Military Junta) |
| General Commander of the Military Forces | |
| In office 31 May 1953 – 13 June 1953 | |
| President | Laureano Gómez |
| Preceded by | Régulo Gaitán |
| Succeeded by | Hernando Camilo Zuniga |
| Minister of Posts and Telegraphs | |
| In office 3 December 1949 – 7 August 1950 | |
| President | Mariano Ospina Pérez |
| Preceded by | José Vicente Dávila Tello |
| Succeeded by | José Tomás Angulo Lourido |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 12 March 1900 Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia |
| Died | 17 January 1975 (aged 74) Melgar, Tolima, Colombia[1] |
| Political party | National Popular Alliance |
| Spouse | Carola Correa Londoño (1930–1975) |
| Children |
|
| Alma mater | José María Córdova Military School Tri-State Normal College (BCE, 1927) |
| Profession | Civil Engineer |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Colombia |
| Branch/service | Army |
| Years of service | 1920–1957 |
| Rank | General |
| Battles/wars | |
Gustavo Rojas Pinilla (12 March 1900 – 17 January 1975) was a Colombian army general, civil engineer and politician who ruled as 19th President of Colombia in a military dictatorship from June 1953 to May 1957.
Rojas Pinilla gained prominence as a colonel during La Violencia, the period of civil strife in Colombia during the late 1940s and early 1950s that saw infighting between the ruling Conservatives and Liberal guerillas, and was named to the cabinet of Conservative President Mariano Ospina Pérez. In 1953, he mounted a successful coup d'état against Ospina's successor as president, the extreme right-wing Laureano Gómez Castro, imposing martial law. Seeking to reduce political violence, he ruled the country as a military dictatorship, allying himself with trade unionists, implementing infrastructure programs, and extending female suffrage. He was forced to step down due to public pressure in 1957.
Rojas Pinilla founded the National Popular Alliance (ANAPO) in 1961 in opposition to the National Front, the power-sharing agreement which the Conservatives and Liberals had brokered after he had been deposed. He contested the 1970 presidential election but was defeated by the National Front candidate, Conservative lawyer Misael Pastrana Borrero. However, Rojas Pinilla and his supporters alleged that the election had been fraudulent and illegitimate; the results caused ANAPO supporters to form M-19 guerilla movement, which would contribute to the country's insurgency unrest in the second half of the 20th century.
- ^ "Gustavo Rojas Pinilla Dies at 74; Dictator of Colombia in 1953-57". The New York Times. Jan 18, 1975. Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved May 6, 2019.