HLA-DM

major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM alpha
Crystallographic structure of human HLA-DM.[1]
Identifiers
SymbolHLA-DMA
NCBI gene3108
HGNC4934
OMIM142855
RefSeqNM_006120
UniProtP28067
Other data
LocusChr. 6 p21.3
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StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro
major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM beta
Identifiers
SymbolHLA-DMB
NCBI gene3109
HGNC4935
OMIM142856
RefSeqNM_002118
UniProtP28068
Other data
LocusChr. 6 p21.3
Search for
StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro

HLA-DM (human leukocyte antigen DM) is an intracellular protein involved in the mechanism of antigen presentation on antigen presenting cells (APCs) of the immune system.[2] It does this by assisting in peptide loading of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II membrane-bound proteins.[3] HLA-DM is encoded by the genes HLA-DMA and HLA-DMB.[4]

HLA-DM is a molecular chaperone[5] that works in lysosomes and endosomes in cells of the immune system. It works in APCs like macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells[6] by interacting with MHC class II molecules.[7] HLA-DM protects the MHC class II molecules from breaking down, and regulates which proteins or peptides bind to them as well.[5] This regulates how and when a peptide acts as an antigen initiating an immune response. Thus, HLA-DM is necessary for the immune system to respond effectively to a foreign invader. Impairment in HLA-DM function can result in immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases.[8]

  1. ^ PDB: 2BC4​; Nicholson MJ, Moradi B, Seth NP, Xing X, Cuny GD, Stein RL, Wucherpfennig KW (April 2006). "Small molecules that enhance the catalytic efficiency of HLA-DM". Journal of Immunology. 176 (7): 4208–20. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.176.7.4208. PMC 3412064. PMID 16547258.
  2. ^ McCracken R. "HLA-DM". www.bio.davidson.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-29.
  3. ^ Busch R, Rinderknecht CH, Roh S, Lee AW, Harding JJ, Burster T, Hornell TM, Mellins ED (October 2005). "Achieving stability through editing and chaperoning: regulation of MHC class II peptide binding and expression". Immunological Reviews. 207: 242–60. doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00306.x. PMID 16181341. S2CID 24207944.
  4. ^ "HLA-DMA major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM alpha [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2018-03-06.
  5. ^ a b Vogt AB, Kropshofer H (April 1999). "HLA-DM - an endosomal and lysosomal chaperone for the immune system". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 24 (4): 150–4. doi:10.1016/S0968-0004(99)01364-X. PMID 10322421.
  6. ^ Arndt SO, Vogt AB, Markovic-Plese S, Martin R, Moldenhauer G, Wölpl A, Sun Y, Schadendorf D, Hämmerling GJ, Kropshofer H (March 2000). "Functional HLA-DM on the surface of B cells and immature dendritic cells". The EMBO Journal. 19 (6): 1241–51. doi:10.1093/emboj/19.6.1241. PMC 305665. PMID 10716924.
  7. ^ Pashine A, Busch R, Belmares MP, Munning JN, Doebele RC, Buckingham M, Nolan GP, Mellins ED (August 2003). "Interaction of HLA-DR with an acidic face of HLA-DM disrupts sequence-dependent interactions with peptides". Immunity. 19 (2): 183–92. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(03)00200-0. PMID 12932352.
  8. ^ Yin L, Maben ZJ, Becerra A, Stern LJ (July 2015). "Evaluating the Role of HLA-DM in MHC Class II-Peptide Association Reactions". Journal of Immunology. 195 (2): 706–16. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1403190. PMC 4490944. PMID 26062997.