| HSUR1 | |
|---|---|
 Conserved secondary structure of HSUR1. | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | HSUR1 |
| Rfam | RF01802 |
| Other data | |
| RNA type | snRNA |
| Domain(s) | Herpesvirus saimiri, Herpesvirus ateles |
| PDB structures | PDBe |
| HSUR2 | |
|---|---|
 Conserved secondary structure of HSUR2. | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | HSUR2 |
| Rfam | RF01802 |
| Other data | |
| RNA type | snRNA |
| Domain(s) | Herpesvirus saimiri, Herpesvirus ateles |
| PDB structures | PDBe |
HSURs (Herpesvirus saimiri U RNAs) are viral small regulatory RNAs. They are found in Herpesvirus saimiri which is responsible for aggressive T-cell leukemias in primates. They are nuclear RNAs which bind host proteins to form small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs).[1] The RNAs are 114–143 nucleotides in length and the HSUR family has been subdivided into HSURs numbered 1 to 7.[2] The function of HSURs has not yet been identified; they do not affect transcription so are thought to act post-transcriptionally, potentially influencing the stability of host mRNAs.[1]
HSUR1 and 2 are the most conserved members of the family within HSV subgroups. HSUR1 has been shown to bind the host heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particle protein hnRNPD in vivo.[3] Other HSURs bind HuR/ELAVL1.[2] They are transcribed by RNA polymerase II with promoters similar to that of U RNAs[1]
Features shared by all HSURs include:[1]
- 5′-trimethylguanosine caps
- 3′ terminal stem-loops
- canonical Sm protein-binding site (AUUUUUG)
A proposed role for HSURs is that they use the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway to manipulate host-cell gene expression. One identified miRNA which responds to HSURs is miR-27.[4]
- ^ a b c d Conrad NK, Fok V, Cazalla D, Borah S, Steitz JA (2006). "The challenge of viral snRNPs". Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 71: 377–384. doi:10.1101/sqb.2006.71.057. PMID 17381320.
- ^ a b Tycowski K.T., Kolev N.G., Conrad N.K., Fok V., and Steitz J.A. 2006. The ever-growing world of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins. In The RNA world, 3rd edition (ed. R.F. Gesteland et al.), p. 327. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.
- ^ Cook HL, Mischo HE, Steitz JA (May 2004). "The Herpesvirus saimiri small nuclear RNAs recruit AU-rich element-binding proteins but do not alter host AU-rich element-containing mRNA levels in virally transformed T cells". Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 (10): 4522–4533. doi:10.1128/mcb.24.10.4522-4533.2004. PMC 400482. PMID 15121869.
- ^ Cazalla, D; Yario, T; Steitz, JA (Jun 18, 2010). "Down-regulation of a host microRNA by a Herpesvirus saimiri noncoding RNA". Science. 328 (5985): 1563–1566. doi:10.1126/science.1187197. PMC 3075239. PMID 20558719.