A hag is a wizened old woman, or a kind of fairy, witch,[1][2] or goddess having the appearance of such a woman, often found in folklore and children's tales such as "Hansel and Gretel".[3] Hags are often seen as malevolent, but may also be one of the chosen forms of shapeshifting deities, such as The Morrígan or Badb, who are seen as neither wholly benevolent nor malevolent.[4][5] The word hag can also be synonymous for a witch.[1][2][6]
^Briggs, Katharine. (1976) An Encyclopedia of Fairies, Hobgoblins, Brownies, Boogies, and Other Supernatural Creatures, "Hags", p.216. ISBN0-394-73467-X
^Lysaght, Patricia. (1986) The Banshee: The Irish Death Messenger. Roberts Rinehart Publishers. ISBN1-57098-138-8. p.54
^Clark, Rosalind. (1991) The Great Queens: Irish Goddesses from the Morrígan to Cathleen Ní Houlihan (Irish Literary Studies, Book 34) Savage, Maryland, Barnes and Noble (reprint) pp.5, 8, 17, 25