| Haiphong Incident | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the First Indochina War | |||||||||
 Haiphong on a map | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 French Republic |
 Việt Minh | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Pierre-Louis Debès | Unknown | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
|
1 heavy cruiser 3 avisos | Unknown | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| 20 to 29 killed | Unknown | ||||||||
| 2,000 to 6,000 Vietnamese people killed (overwhelmingly civilians),[1][2] 25,000 injured[3] | |||||||||
| History of Haiphong |
|---|
 |
 Vietnam portal |
The Haiphong Incident or the Haiphong Massacre occurred on November 23, 1946, when the French cruiser Suffren and several avisos[4] bombarded the Vietnamese coastal city of Haiphong, killing between 2,000 and 6,000 Vietnamese people.[1][2] The incident, also known as the Shelling of Haiphong, is thought of as the first armed clash in a series of events that would lead to the Battle of Hanoi on December 19, 1946, and with it the official outbreak of the First Indochina War.[5][6][7]
- ^ a b Stein Tonnesson: Vietnam 1946: How the War Began Berkeley, 2010, p. 122–125
- ^ a b Cirillo, Roger (2015). The Shape of Battles to Come. Louisville: University Press of Kentucky. p. 187. ISBN 978-0813165752.
- ^ Young, Marilyn B., The Vietnam Wars 1945-1990, Harper Perennial, 1991, p.18.
- ^ Vaïse, Maurice (2000). L'Armée française dans la guerre d'Indochine (1946-1954): Adaptation ou inadaptation. p. 276.
- ^ "French Vietnam: A War of Illusions". Victorious Insurgencies: Four Rebellions That Shaped Our World. University Press of Kentucky, 2010. 69–140. Web.
- ^ Devillers, Philippe, and Jean Lacouture. End of a War: Indochina, 1954. London: Pall Mall Press, 1969.
- ^ "Haiphong, Shelling of". Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History. Ed. Spencer C. Tucker. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2011. Credo Reference. Web. 4 Feb. 2016.