Halvaria

Halvaria
Important halvarian groups. Clockwise from top-left: a water mold (Oomycetes), a brown alga (Phaeophyta), some diatoms (Bacillariophyta), some dinoflagellates (Miozoa), some ciliates (Ciliophora) and an opalinid (Bigyra).
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Diaphoretickes
Subkingdom: SAR
Infrakingdom: Halvaria
Cavalier-Smith 2010
Superphyla and phyla[1]

Halvaria is a taxonomic grouping of protists that includes Alveolata and Stramenopiles (Heterokonta).[2]

Analyses in 2007 and 2008 revealed that the Stramenopiles and the Alveolata are related, and form a reduced clade of what were seen to be a paraphyletic group, the chromalveolates. The two clades together with the Rhizaria (originally one of the six major eukaryote groups) form a clade dubbed the SAR supergroup.[3][4][5]

A phylogenomic analysis from 2016 cast doubt on Halvaria, suggesting that Alveolata is the sister group to Rhizaria (making the R + A clade) through new rhizarian sequence data, and that support for Halvaria might be an artifact of low taxon sampling as well as long branch attraction.[6]

However, later analyses from 2021 support Halvaria as a solid clade.[7]

SAR Supergroup
  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference 8phyla was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference PhylogenomicsReshuffles was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Burki2008a was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference KimGraham2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference ReducingLongBranchAlveolataRhizaria was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference AMolecularTimescale was invoked but never defined (see the help page).