Hanthawaddy Kingdom

Kingdom of Hongsarwatoi (Hanthawaddy) Pegu
ဍုင်ဟံသာဝတဳ (Mon)
ဟံသာဝတီ နေပြည်တော် (Burmese)
1287–1552
Flag of Hongsarwatoi (Hanthawaddy) Kingdom / Ramannya (Ramam)
Hanthawaddy in red in the northwest, c. 1450
Hanthawaddy in red in the northwest, c. 1450
StatusKingdom
CapitalMartaban (1287–1364)
Donwun (1364–1369)
Pegu (1369–1538, 1550–1552)
Common languagesMon
Old Burmese
Religion
Theravada Buddhism
GovernmentMonarchy
• 1287–1307
Wareru
• 1384–1421
Razadarit
• 1454–1471
Shin Sawbu
• 1471–1492
Dhammazedi
• 1492–1526
Binnya Ran II
Historical eraWarring states
• Overthrow of Pagan governor
c. January 1285
• Independence from Pagan
30 January 1287
• Vassal of Sukhothai
1287–1298, 1307–1317, 1330
1385–1424
• Golden Age
1426–1534
1534–1541
• 2nd Fall of Pegu
12 March 1552
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Pagan Kingdom
First Toungoo Empire
Today part ofMyanmar
Thailand

The Hanthawaddy Kingdom (Mon: ဍုၚ် ဟံသာဝတဳ, [hɔŋsawətɔe]listen; Burmese: ဟံသာဝတီ နေပြည်တော်; also Hanthawaddy Pegu or simply Pegu) was the polity that ruled lower Burma (Myanmar) from 1287 to 1539 and from 1550 to 1552. The Mon-speaking kingdom was founded as Ramaññadesa (Mon: ရးမည, Burmese: ရာမည ဒေသ) by King Wareru following the collapse of the Pagan Empire in 1287[1]: 205–206, 209  as a nominal vassal state of the Sukhothai Kingdom and of the Mongol Yuan dynasty.[2] The kingdom became formally independent of Sukhothai in 1330 but remained a loose federation of three major regional power centres: the Irrawaddy Delta, Bago, and Mottama. Its kings had little or no authority over the vassals. Mottama was in open rebellion from 1363 to 1388.

  1. ^ Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
  2. ^ Htin Aung 1967: 78–80