Haplogroup D-M55

Haplogroup D-M55
Possible time of origin45,357 (95% CI 52,258 - 39,364) ybp[1]

45,200 (95% CI 48,500 <-> 42,000) ybp[2]
Coalescence age21,434 (95% CI 24,812 - 18,513) ybp[3]

21,000 (95% CI 22,800 <-> 19,300) ybp[2]
Possible place of originpossibly Japanese archipelago
AncestorD-M174
Defining mutationsM55, M57, M64.1, M179, P37.1, P41.1, P190, 12f2b
Highest frequenciesJapanese people, Jōmon people, Ainu people、 Ryukyuan people

Haplogroup D-M55 (M64.1/Page44.1) also known as Haplogroup D1a2a is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is one of two branches of Haplogroup D1a. The other is D1a1, which is found with high frequency in Tibetans and other Tibeto-Burmese populations and geographical close groups. D is also distributed with low to medium frequency in Central Asia, East Asia, and Mainland Southeast Asia.

Haplogroup D-M55 is found in about 33%[4][5][6][7][8] of present-day Japanese males. It has been found in fourteen of a sample of sixteen or 87.5% of a sample of Ainu males in one study published in 2004[9] and in three of a sample of four or 75% of a sample of Ainu males in another study published in 2005 in which some individuals from the 2004 study may have been retested.[5] It is currently the most common Y-DNA haplogroup in Japan if O1-F265 and O2-M122 (TMRCA approx. 30,000 ~ 35,000 ybp) are considered as separate haplogroups.

In 2017 it was confirmed that the Japanese branch of haplogroup D-M55 is distinct and isolated from other branches of haplogroup D since about 50,000 years ago. The split in D1a may have occurred near the Tibetan Plateau.[10]

  1. ^ "Welcome to FamilyTreeDNA Discover".
  2. ^ a b YFull Haplogroup YTree v7.02.01 as of March 15, 2019.
  3. ^ "Welcome to FamilyTreeDNA Discover".
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Katoh2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Hammer was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ YOUICHI SATO, TOSHIKATSU SHINKA, ASHRAF A. EWIS, AIKO YAMAUCHI, TERUAKI IWAMOTO, YUTAKA NAKAHORI Overview of genetic variation in the Y chromosome of modern Japanese males.
  7. ^ Nonaka, I.; Minaguchi, K.; Takezaki, N. (February 2, 2007). "Y-chromosomal Binary Haplogroups in the Japanese Population and their Relationship to 16 Y-STR Polymorphisms". Annals of Human Genetics. 71 (Pt 4): 480–95. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00343.x. hdl:10130/491. PMID 17274803. S2CID 1041367.
  8. ^ Sato Y, Shinka T, Ewis AA, Yamauchi A, Iwamoto T, Nakahori Y (2014). "Overview of genetic variation in the Y chromosome of modern Japanese males". Anthropological Science. 122 (3): 131–136. doi:10.1537/ase.140709.
  9. ^ Tajima, Atsushi; et al. (2004). ""(March 2, 2004). "Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages". Journal of Human Genetics. 49 (4): 187–193. doi:10.1007/s10038-004-0131-x. PMID 14997363.
  10. ^ Mondal, Mayukh & Bergström, Anders & Xue, Yali & Calafell, Francesc & Laayouni, Hafid & Casals, Ferran & Majumder, Partha & Tyler-Smith, Chris & Bertranpetit, Jaume. (2017). Y-chromosomal sequences of diverse Indian populations and the ancestry of the Andamanese. Human Genetics. 136. 10.1007/s00439-017-1800-0.