Haplogroup I-M253

Haplogroup I1 (M253)
Possible time of origin3,170–4,600[1]–5,070 BP (today's diversification)[2][3] (previously 11,000 BP[4] to 33,000 BP[5]) 27,500 (diversification with I2-FGC77992)[1]
Possible place of originNorthern Europe[6]
AncestorI* (M170)
DescendantsI1a (DF29/S438);
I1b (S249/Z131);
I1c (Y18119/Z17925)
Defining mutationsM253, M307.2/P203.2, M450/S109, P30, P40, L64, L75, L80, L81, L118, L121/S62, L123, L124/S64, L125/S65, L157.1, L186, L187

Haplogroup I-M253, also known as I1, is a Y chromosome haplogroup. The genetic markers confirmed as identifying I-M253 are the SNPs M253,M307.2/P203.2, M450/S109, P30, P40, L64, L75, L80, L81, L118, L121/S62, L123, L124/S64, L125/S65, L157.1, L186, and L187.[7] It is a primary branch of Haplogroup I-M170 (I*).

Haplogroup I1 is believed to have been present among Upper Paleolithic European hunter-gatherers as a minor lineage but due to its near-total absence in pre-Neolithic DNA samples it cannot have been very widespread. Neolithic I1 samples are very sparse as well, suggesting a rapid dispersion connected to a founder effect in the Nordic Bronze Age. Today it reaches its peak frequencies in Sweden (52 percent of males in Västra Götaland County) and western Finland (more than 50 percent in Satakunta province).[8] In terms of national averages, I-M253 is found in 38-39% of Swedish males,[9][10][8] 37% of Norwegian males,[11][12][13] 34.8% of Danish males,[14][15][16] 34.5% of Icelandic males,[17][18][19] and about 28% of Finnish males.[20] Bryan Sykes, in his 2006 book Blood of the Isles, gives the members – and the notional founding patriarch of I1 the name "Wodan".[21]

All known living members descend from a common ancestor 6 times younger than the common ancestor with I2.[1]

Before a reclassification in 2008,[22] the group was known as I1a, a name that has since been reassigned to a primary branch, haplogroup I-DF29. The other primary branches of I1 (M253) are I1b (S249/Z131) and I1c (Y18119/Z17925).

More than 99% of living men with I1 belong to the DF29 branch which is estimated to have emerged in 2400 BCE.[23][24] All DF29 men share a common ancestor born between 2500 and 2400 BCE.[25] The oldest ancient individual with I1-DF29 found is Oll009, a man from early Bronze Age Sweden.[26][27]

  1. ^ a b c "I1 YTree". Yfull.com. 2022-04-06. Retrieved 2022-04-19.
  2. ^ Pedro Soares, Alessandro Achilli, Ornella Semino, William Davies, Vincent Macaulay, Hans-Jürgen Bandelt, Antonio Torroni, and Martin B. Richards, The Archaeogenetics of Europe, Current Biology, vol. 20 (February 23, 2010), R174–R183. yDNA Haplogroup I: Subclade I1, Family Tree DNA,
  3. ^ Batini C, Hallast P, Zadik D, Delser PM, Benazzo A, Ghirotto S, et al. (May 2015). "Large-scale recent expansion of European patrilineages shown by population resequencing". Nature Communications. 6: 7152. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.7152B. doi:10.1038/ncomms8152. PMC 4441248. PMID 25988751.
  4. ^ Rootsi S, Magri C, Kivisild T, Benuzzi G, Help H, Bermisheva M, et al. (July 2004). "Phylogeography of Y-chromosome haplogroup I reveals distinct domains of prehistoric gene flow in europe" (PDF). American Journal of Human Genetics. 75 (1): 128–37. doi:10.1086/422196. PMC 1181996. PMID 15162323. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-06-24. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
  5. ^ Underhill PA, Myres NM, Rootsi S, Chow CT, Lin AA, Otillar RP, et al. (2007). "New phylogenetic relationships for Y-chromosome haplogroup I: reappraising its phylogeography and prehistory.". In Mellars P, Boyle K, Bar-Yosef O, Stringe C (eds.). Rethinking the Human Revolution. Cambridge, UK: McDonald Institute Monographs. pp. 33–42. ISBN 978-1-902937-46-5.
  6. ^ Lappalainen, T.; Laitinen, V.; Salmela, E.; Andersen, P.; Huoponen, K.; Savontaus, M.-L.; Lahermo, P. (2008). "Migration Waves to the Baltic Sea Region". Annals of Human Genetics. 72 (3): 337–348. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00429.x. PMID 18294359. S2CID 32079904.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference ISOGG2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ a b Lappalainen T, Laitinen V, Salmela E, Andersen P, Huoponen K, Savontaus ML, Lahermo P (May 2008). "Migration waves to the Baltic Sea region". Annals of Human Genetics. 72 (Pt 3): 337–348. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00429.x. PMID 18294359. S2CID 32079904.
  9. ^ Lappalainen T, Hannelius U, Salmela E, von Döbeln U, Lindgren CM, Huoponen K, et al. (January 2009). "Population structure in contemporary Sweden—a Y-chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA analysis". Annals of Human Genetics. 73 (1): 61–73. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00487.x. PMID 19040656. S2CID 205598345.
  10. ^ "FamilyTreeDNA – Sweden DNA PROJECT – Sverigeprojektet".
  11. ^ Dupuy BM, Stenersen M, Lu TT, Olaisen B (December 2006). "Geographical heterogeneity of Y-chromosomal lineages in Norway". Forensic Science International. 164 (1): 10–19. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.11.009. PMID 16337760.
  12. ^ "FamilyTreeDNA – The Norway DNA Project – Norgesprosjektet". familytreedna.com. Retrieved 2020-11-26.
  13. ^ "Y-DNA Haplogrupper". Norway DNA Norgesprosjektet. Retrieved 2020-12-27.
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference Underhill was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Sanchez JJ (2004). "Y chromosome SNP haplogroups in Danes, Greenlanders and Somalis" (PDF). International Congress Series. 1261: 347–49. doi:10.1016/S0531-5131(03)01635-2 – via isfg.org.
  16. ^ "FamilyTreeDNA – Denmark DNA Project". familytreedna.com. Retrieved 2020-12-10.
  17. ^ Helgason A, Sigureth ardóttir S, Nicholson J, Sykes B, Hill EW, Bradley DG, et al. (September 2000). "Estimating Scandinavian and Gaelic ancestry in the male settlers of Iceland". American Journal of Human Genetics. 67 (3): 697–717. doi:10.1086/303046. PMC 1287529. PMID 10931763.
  18. ^ "The Greater Nordic Regional Y-DNA Project". familytreedna. April 2021.
  19. ^ Ebenesersdóttir SS, Sandoval-Velasco M, Gunnarsdóttir ED, Jagadeesan A, Guðmundsdóttir VB, Thordardóttir EL, et al. (June 2018). "Ancient genomes from Iceland reveal the making of a human population". Science. 360 (6392): 1028–1032. Bibcode:2018Sci...360.1028E. doi:10.1126/science.aar2625. hdl:10852/71890. PMID 29853688.
  20. ^ Lappalainen T, Koivumäki S, Salmela E, Huoponen K, Sistonen P, Savontaus ML, Lahermo P (July 2006). "Regional differences among the Finns: a Y-chromosomal perspective". Gene. 376 (2): 207–15. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2006.03.004. PMID 16644145.
  21. ^ "Blood of the Isles: exploring the genetic roots of our tribal history". History Ireland. 2013-02-22. Retrieved 2020-12-10.
  22. ^ Karafet TM, Mendez FL, Meilerman MB, Underhill PA, Zegura SL, Hammer MF (May 2008). "New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree". Genome Research. 18 (5): 830–38. doi:10.1101/gr.7172008. PMC 2336805. PMID 18385274.
  23. ^ Batini C, Hallast P, Zadik D, Delser PM, Benazzo A, Ghirotto S, et al. (May 2015). "Large-scale recent expansion of European patrilineages shown by population resequencing". Nature Communications. 6 (1): 7152. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.7152B. doi:10.1038/ncomms8152. PMC 4441248. PMID 25988751.
  24. ^ "Welcome to FamilyTreeDNA Discover (Beta)". FamilyTreeDNA Discover (Beta). Retrieved 2022-12-25.
  25. ^ "I-DF29 YTree". yfull.com. Retrieved 2022-12-25.
  26. ^ Malmström H, Günther T, Svensson EM, Juras A, Fraser M, Munters AR, et al. (October 2019). "The genomic ancestry of the Scandinavian Battle Axe Culture people and their relation to the broader Corded Ware horizon". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 286 (1912): 20191528. doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.1528. PMC 6790770. PMID 31594508.
  27. ^ "I-Y11204 YTree". yfull.com. Retrieved 2022-12-25.