Heated tobacco product

Not to be confused with Electronic cigarette.

A heated tobacco product (HTP)[note 1] is a tobacco product that heats the tobacco at a lower temperature than conventional cigarettes.[32] These products contain nicotine, which is a highly addictive chemical.[32] The heat generates an aerosol or smoke to be inhaled from the tobacco, which contains nicotine[33] and other chemicals.[17][32] HTPs may also contain additives not found in tobacco,[34] including flavoring chemicals.[32] HTPs generally heat tobacco to temperatures under 600 °C (1100 °F),[32][11][35] a lower temperature than conventional cigarettes.[36]

HTPs use embedded or external heat sources, heated sealed chambers,[37] or product-specific customized cigarettes.[32] Whereas e-cigarettes are electronic devices that vaporize a liquid containing nicotine, HTPs usually use tobacco in leaf or some other solid form, although there are some hybrid products that can use both solid tobacco and e-liquids.[37] There are various types of HTPs. The two most common designs are those that use an electric battery to heat tobacco leaf (e.g., IQOS, glo, Pax) and those that use a carbon ember that is lit and then heats the tobacco (e.g., Eclipse, REVO, TEEPS).[32] There are similar devices that heat cannabis instead of tobacco.[16][38]

A 2016 World Health Organization report did not find any evidence to support claims of lowered risk or health benefits compared to conventional cigarettes.[39] A 2018 Public Health England report includes evidence that indicates HTPs may be safer than traditional cigarettes, but less safe than e-cigarettes.[40] Some HTP aerosols studied were found to contain levels of nicotine and carcinogens comparable to conventional cigarettes.[3][41] Although heated tobacco products may be less dangerous than cigarette smoking, the UK Committee on Toxicity suggests that it would be better for smokers to completely stop.[41] There is insufficient evidence on the effectiveness of HTPs on quitting smoking,[36] or possible effects of second-hand exposure.[32] The limited evidence on air emissions from the use of HTPs indicates that toxic exposure from these products is greater than that of e-cigarettes.[42] Smokers have reported HTP use to be less satisfying than smoking a cigarette.[42]

As early as the 1960s, tobacco companies developed alternative tobacco products.[43] HTPs were introduced into the market in 1988, though they were not a commercial success.[35] The global decline in tobacco consumption may be one reason the industry has invented and marketed new products such as HTPs.[43] The latest generation of heated tobacco products may be an industry attempt to appeal with governments and health advocates by presenting a potential (but unproven) "harm reduction" product.[43] Current smoking bans may or may not apply to heated tobacco products.[44]

  1. ^ Leigh, Noel J; Tran, Phillip L; O’Connor, Richard J; Goniewicz, Maciej Lukasz (2018). "Cytotoxic effects of heated tobacco products (HTP) on human bronchial epithelial cells". Tobacco Control. 27 (Suppl 1): s26–s29. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054317. ISSN 0964-4563. PMC 6252481. PMID 30185530.
  2. ^ Kary, Tiffany (18 April 2019). "Philip Morris says it doesn't want you to buy its cigarettes, but will IQOS help it survive?". The Japan Times. Bloomberg News.
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  4. ^ Belushkin, M.; Esposito, M.; Jaccard, G.; Jeannet, C.; Korneliou, A.; Tafin Djoko, D. (2018). "Role of testing standards in smoke-free product assessments". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 98: 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.06.021. ISSN 0273-2300. PMID 29983383.
  5. ^ Kamada, Takahiro; Yamashita, Yosuke; Tomioka, Hiromi (2016). "Acute eosinophilic pneumonia following heat-not-burn cigarette smoking". Respirology Case Reports. 4 (6): e00190. doi:10.1002/rcr2.190. ISSN 2051-3380. PMC 5167280. PMID 28031826.
  6. ^ Meg Neal (2 January 2015). "What Is a Heat-Not-Burn Cigarette and Can It Help You Quit?". Gizmodo.
  7. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference SimonaviciusMcNeill2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ a b c Mallock, Nadja; Böss, Lisa; Burk, Robert; Danziger, Martin; Welsch, Tanja; Hahn, Harald; Trieu, Hai-Linh; Hahn, Jürgen; Pieper, Elke; Henkler-Stephani, Frank; Hutzler, Christoph; Luch, Andreas (2018). "Levels of selected analytes in the emissions of "heat not burn" tobacco products that are relevant to assess human health risks". Archives of Toxicology. 92 (6): 2145–2149. doi:10.1007/s00204-018-2215-y. ISSN 0340-5761. PMC 6002459. PMID 29730817.
  9. ^ Paumgartten, Francisco J.R. (2018). "A critical appraisal of the harm reduction argument for heat-not-burn tobacco products". Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública. 42: e161. doi:10.26633/RPSP.2018.161. ISSN 1020-4989. PMC 6386018. PMID 31093189.
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  13. ^ Jenssen, Brian P.; Boykan, Rachel (2019). "Electronic Cigarettes and Youth in the United States: A Call to Action (at the Local, National and Global Levels)". Children. 6 (2): 30. doi:10.3390/children6020030. ISSN 2227-9067. PMC 6406299. PMID 30791645.
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  15. ^ Jeong, Won Tae; Cho, Hyun Ki; Lee, Hyung Ryeol; Song, Ki Hoon; Lim, Heung Bin (2019). "Comparison of the content of tobacco alkaloids and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in 'heat-not-burn' tobacco products before and after aerosol generation". Inhalation Toxicology. 30 (13–14): 527–533. doi:10.1080/08958378.2019.1572840. ISSN 0895-8378. PMID 30741569. S2CID 73436802.
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  21. ^ Pacitto, A.; Stabile, L.; Scungio, M.; Rizza, V.; Buonanno, G. (2018). "Characterization of airborne particles emitted by an electrically heated tobacco smoking system". Environmental Pollution. 240: 248–254. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.137. ISSN 0269-7491. PMID 29747109. S2CID 13711514.
  22. ^ a b "How are Non-Combusted Cigarettes, Sometimes Called Heat-Not-Burn Products, Different from E-Cigarettes and Cigarettes?". United States Food and Drug Administration. 16 May 2019.
  23. ^ a b RIVM 2016, p. 36.
  24. ^ McNeill 2018, p. 30.
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  27. ^ "Philip Morris' Smokeless Tobacco Stick Shouldn't Be Marketed As Safer Than Cigarettes, FDA Panel Says". Kaiser Health News. 26 January 2018.
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  30. ^ Queloz, Sébastien; Etter, Jean-François (2019). "An online survey of users of tobacco vaporizers, reasons and modes of utilization, perceived advantages and perceived risks". BMC Public Health. 19 (1): 642. doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6957-0. ISSN 1471-2458. PMC 6537171. PMID 31133009. This article incorporates text by Sébastien Queloz and Jean-François Etter available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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  33. ^ WHO 2019, p. 54.
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  38. ^ Marinova, Polina (22 April 2019). "Vaping Startup Pax Labs Raises $420 Million in Funding: Term Sheet for Monday, April 22". Fortune.
  39. ^ WHO 2016, p. 6.
  40. ^ McNeill 2018, p. 220.
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