Help:IPA/Colognian

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Colognian on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Colognian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Colognian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Colognian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Colognian.

Consonants
IPA	Colognian examples	English approximation
b	Ball, dubbel	ball
d	dann, Saddel	done
dʒ	Dschungel, wadschele	jungle
f	Faß, Waffel	fuss
ɡ	waggele	gust
h	hatt, Buhai, Bah	hut
ɧ	Schimie, Weechter, biestig	bush
j^[1]	Jack, wääje	yuck
ʒ^[1]	Geniere, nuschele	pleasure
k	Kiß, frickele, Pek	kiss
l	Lack, welle	luck
m	Mai, summe, öm	may
n	Noht, Jewenner, Sun	not
ŋ	senge, lang	long
p	Peck, Appel, Kapp	peck
ʁ	Rään, ware	guttural r
s	faste, Baß	bus
ʃ	schäl, Mösche, Bösch	bush
t	Toon, kötte, Bütt	tone
ts	Zupp, Mätze, Fuz	pizza
tʃ	tschö^ⓘ, letsche, Matsch	chat
v	Vas, övver	vast
w	wat	will
x	Woche, Loch	Scottish loch
z	Sunn, lässe	zone
ʔ	\|it, be\|erdije, perdü\|	uh-oh

Pitch accent
IPA	Colognian examples	English approximation	Explanation
ˈ	Bahnhoffstrohße	intonation	primary stress
ˌ	Bahnhoffstrohße		secondary stress
◌̂	/ˈʃtîːf/ "stiffness", /ˈhûːs/ "house (dat.)", /ˈʃlɛ̂ːʃ/ "beats (n. pl.)", /ˈzêi/ "sieve", /ˈkân/ "(tea)pot, jug"^[2]		falling tone (Stoßton, Accent 1)
◌́	/ˈzǿlts/ Sülz^[3]		high tone (Schleifton, Accent 2)

Vowels
IPA	Colognian examples	English approximation
aː	Plaat, Bar, Ahle, Bahn	bra
a	Ax, spack,	bra, but short
eː	Elend, Feez, Beet	somewhat like play
e	enjonn, seze	somewhat like play, but short
ɛː	Ääpel, Pääd, nää^ⓘ, äänz, Nähl	fairy
ɛ	Eck, hätt, dä!	bed
iː	Ieß, Pief, di, ieser, Dier, auwieh!	eat
i	mi	city
ɪ	in, Friko	sit
ɔː	Ooß, Pooz, booh, Ohß, Pohl, jo	off, but long
ɔ	offe, doll, mer	off
œː	Ööschel, pöze, Blööh, Öl, Pöhl	somewhat like urgent
œ	Öschel, Pött
øː	Ööz, kööze, bleu, Rösje, Bröh
ø	Öllije, Kött, ?ömjonn
oː	Ooschel, koot, Ohm, Dooch, Nivoh	more (long)
o	op, lovve, do	story (short)
ʊː	Pattevuel	took (long)
ʊ	us, Hunk, do, ?Bunn	took (short)
uː	uze, Pluute, Schmu, Uhr, Bud, esu	pool (long)
u	Ussel, Fuz	pool (short)
yː	üüßerlech, süht, Üül, Lüüß, perdü	somewhat like cute
y	üvver, müje
ʏ	üch, tüntele
aɪ	ei, Eiter, Weihnaach, zwei, Eier, Weiher, Pavei	tie
aːʊ	Auto, Strauß, mau	out
aʊ	Auflach, Zauß, Schabau, ?zaubere, ?Kakau	out
eɪ	ei, eins, Zeidung, sei, eine, zeije, Schnei	alien, mania, bay
iɐ̯	Liehr, ?Zottier	similar to dear
oʊ	Auge, Baum, hau, Aug, sauge, Hau	similar to goal
ɔʏ	Schnäuzer, Heu, Häuche, Häu	similar to boy
øʏ	Sträuf, Späu, Äujelche, Bäum, neu^ⓘ
Reduced vowels
ɐ	verdonn, Vatter	nut or sofa (but not balance)^[4]
ə	e, en, bedon, de	balance (but not sofa)^[4]

^ ^a ^b The phone [ʒ] occurs also often as a positional allophone of [j] when a final [ʃ] or [ɧ] of a word stem is either followed by a vowel of a grammatical suffix or becomes voiced under the influence of a liaison or due to coarticulation. Under normal circumstances, [j] is used to transcribe these.
^ Only occurs on stressed vowels. Though a falling tone in Cologne, realizations vary by dialect and accent. Compare these "accent 1" words with their "accent 2" words /ˈʃtiːf/ "stiff", /ˈhuːs/ "house (nom./acc.)", /ˈʃlɛːʃ/ "bad", /zei/ "she", /kan/ "(I/he) can" without Stoßton
^ Only occurs on stressed vowels. Though a high tone in Cologne, realizations vary by dialect and accent.
^ ^a ^b As several other Germanic languages, Colognian has mid [ə] and open [ɐ] schwas. Care must be taken to clearly distinguish between the two. In English, the former appears in words such as balance, cannon and chairman and the latter variably in sofa, China (especially at the very end of utterance) and, in some dialects, also in ago and again, but one needs to remember that Colognian [ɐ] has no such free variation and is always open, just as [ə] is always mid. In some English dialects, /ʌ/ in words such as nut and strut is a perfect replacement for Colognian [ɐ], but the latter is an unstressed-only vowel that can also appear in open syllables, which generally cannot be said about the English /ʌ/.

[jejotallophones-1] The phone [ʒ] occurs also often as a positional allophone of [j] when a final [ʃ] or [ɧ] of a word stem is either followed by a vowel of a grammatical suffix or becomes voiced under the influence of a liaison or due to coarticulation. Under normal circumstances, [j] is used to transcribe these.

[2] Only occurs on stressed vowels. Though a falling tone in Cologne, realizations vary by dialect and accent. Compare these "accent 1" words with their "accent 2" words /ˈʃtiːf/ "stiff", /ˈhuːs/ "house (nom./acc.)", /ˈʃlɛːʃ/ "bad", /zei/ "she", /kan/ "(I/he) can" without Stoßton

[3] Only occurs on stressed vowels. Though a high tone in Cologne, realizations vary by dialect and accent.

[schwas-4] As several other Germanic languages, Colognian has mid [ə] and open [ɐ] schwas. Care must be taken to clearly distinguish between the two. In English, the former appears in words such as balance, cannon and chairman and the latter variably in sofa, China (especially at the very end of utterance) and, in some dialects, also in ago and again, but one needs to remember that Colognian [ɐ] has no such free variation and is always open, just as [ə] is always mid. In some English dialects, /ʌ/ in words such as nut and strut is a perfect replacement for Colognian [ɐ], but the latter is an unstressed-only vowel that can also appear in open syllables, which generally cannot be said about the English /ʌ/.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]