Help:IPA/Turkmen

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Turkmen on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Turkmen in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents the Turkmen language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.


IPA	Orthography	English approximation
b	b	about
d	d	ado
dʒ	j	jump
ð	z	then
ɸ	f	phew; or somewhat like food
ɡ^[1]	g	ago
ɢ^[1]	g	AuE gaudy
ɣ^[2]	g	Uzbek gʻ
h	h^[3]	home
j	ý	yet
k^[1]	k	score
l	l	late
ɫ^[1]	l ^[4]	peel ("dark L")
m	m	much
n	n	not
ŋ	ň	wing
p	p	span
q^[1]	k	k in the throat
ɾ	r	AmE atom
ʃ	ş	shoe
t	t	stable
ts	ts^[5]	bits
tʃ	ç	change
θ	s	think
β	w	like vase, but with both lips
x	h^[3]	loch
ʒ	ž	leisure

Vowels
IPA	Orthography	English approximation
ɑ	a	father
æː	ä	somewhat like hair
ɛ	e	bed
ɪ	i	sick
o	o	story
œ	ö	somewhat like bird
ʊ	u	wood
ɯ	y	somewhat like roses, Chinese shi, or Japanese unchi
ʏ	ü	somewhat like cute
ʏː	üý	somewhat like cued

Suprasegmentals
IPA	Examples
ˈ	Ahalteke [axaɫteˈke]
ː	ot [ot] 'grass' ot [oːt] 'fire'

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e [k]~[q] and [ɡ]~[ɢ], [l]~[ɫ] only contrast in loan words before back vowels; in native words, [k, ɡ, l] occur before the front vowels (/ɛ/, /i/, /œ/, /ʏ/), while [q, ɢ, ɫ] occur before the back vowels (/ɑ/, /o/, /ʊ/, /ɯ/).
^ [ɡ] becomes [ɣ] word-finally, intervocalically, and after obstruents and taps.
^ ^a ^b [h] occurs before front vowels (/ɛ/, /ɪ/, /œ/, /æ/, and /ʏ/) while [x] occurs before back vowels (/ɑ/, /o/, /ʊ/, /ɯ/).
^ In Schöning, Claus (1998). "Turkmen". In Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva Á. (eds.). The Turkic Languages. London: Routledge. p. 262. ISBN 0-415-08200-5.
^ Only found in Russian loanwords. In Schöning, Claus (1998). "Turkmen". In Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva Á. (eds.). The Turkic Languages. London: Routledge. p. 261. ISBN 0-415-08200-5.

[velar-1] [k]~[q] and [ɡ]~[ɢ], [l]~[ɫ] only contrast in loan words before back vowels; in native words, [k, ɡ, l] occur before the front vowels (/ɛ/, /i/, /œ/, /ʏ/), while [q, ɢ, ɫ] occur before the back vowels (/ɑ/, /o/, /ʊ/, /ɯ/).

[2] [ɡ] becomes [ɣ] word-finally, intervocalically, and after obstruents and taps.

[h-3] [h] occurs before front vowels (/ɛ/, /ɪ/, /œ/, /æ/, and /ʏ/) while [x] occurs before back vowels (/ɑ/, /o/, /ʊ/, /ɯ/).

[l-4] In Schöning, Claus (1998). "Turkmen". In Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva Á. (eds.). The Turkic Languages. London: Routledge. p. 262. ISBN 0-415-08200-5.

[ts-5] Only found in Russian loanwords. In Schöning, Claus (1998). "Turkmen". In Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva Á. (eds.). The Turkic Languages. London: Routledge. p. 261. ISBN 0-415-08200-5.

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