Henry Herbert Donaldson (12 May 1857 – 23 January 1938) was an American pioneer of neurology. One of his most influential studies was on the effect of sensory deprivation, based on the study of Laura Bridgman's brain, on the development of the brain which resulted in the landmark work The Growth of the Brain (1895). He served as a professor of neurology at the Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology at the University of Pennsylvania and was a major influence on a generation of American neurologists and was a key promoter of the use of the rat as a laboratory research model.