Hermann Hoth | |
|---|---|
 Hermann Hoth during the High Command Trial, 1947 | |
| Nickname(s) | "Papa"[1] "Giftzwerg"[2] |
| Born | 12 April 1885 Neuruppin, Province of Brandenburg, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire |
| Died | 25 January 1971 (aged 85) Goslar, West Germany |
| Allegiance |
|
| Years of service | 1903–1945 |
| Rank | Generaloberst (colonel general) |
| Commands | |
| Battles / wars | |
| Awards | Knight's Cross of the House Order of Hohenzollern with Swords Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords |
| Signature |  |
| Criminal conviction | |
| Conviction(s) | War crimes Crimes against humanity |
| Trial | High Command Trial |
| Criminal penalty | 15 years imprisonment |
| Details | |
| Victims | Soviet prisoners of war Soviet civilians (Jews and Slavs) |
Hermann Hoth (12 April 1885 – 25 January 1971) was a German army commander, war criminal, and author. He served as a high-ranking panzer commander in the Wehrmacht during World War II, playing a prominent role in the Battle of France and on the Eastern Front. Contemporaries and later historians consider Hoth one of the most talented armoured warfare commanders of the war. He was a strong believer in Nazism, and units under his command committed several war crimes including the murder of prisoners of war and civilians.
Born in Prussia, Hoth embarked on a career as a military officer early in his youth. After graduating from the Royal Prussian Military Academy, he slowly rose in the ranks of the Imperial German Army. Hoth mainly served in various staff positions in World War I, and after the conflict's conclusion continued to do so in the armed forces of the newly formed Weimar Republic. Following Hitler's seizure of control in Germany, Hoth began to rapidly rise in the ranks and became known as a proponent of motorization in the Wehrmacht.
When World War II broke out, Hoth successfully led the XV Army Corps during the German invasions of Poland and France. He commanded the 3rd Panzer Group during Operation Barbarossa in 1941, a position in which he assisted in the destruction of several Soviet armies. From October 1941, Hoth headed the 17th Army, a period during which he advocated for a war of annihilation against the Soviet Union, the merciless destruction of partisans, and the murder of Jews. In the Wehrmacht's 1942 summer offensive, Hoth led the 4th Panzer Army and took part in the Battle of Stalingrad. When the German 6th Army was encircled at Stalingrad in November 1942, Hoth's army group made an unsuccessful relief attempt. Afterwards, Hoth was involved in the Third Battle of Kharkov as well as the Battle of Kursk, while increasingly suffering from near-burnout. He led the German defense in eastern Ukraine during the Battle of the Dnieper, but was sacked by Adolf Hitler due to the surprise Soviet reconquest of Kiev in November 1943. For the rest of the war, he was mostly relegated to powerless positions.
After the war, Hoth was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity in the High Command Trial, mainly regarding his implementation of the criminal Commissar Order and the mistreatment of POWs as well as civilians. He was sentenced to 15 years in prison, but released on parole in 1954. Hoth subsequently became an author, writing about armoured warfare, the development of West Germany's military, and in support of the myth of the clean Wehrmacht.
- ^ Kirchubel 2007, p. 16.
- ^ Stein 2007, p. 316.