Heungseon Daewongun

Yi Ha-eung
이하응
Photograph by Homer Hulbert
Grand Internal Prince of Joseon
PredecessorGrand Internal Prince Jeongye
SuccessorTitle abolished
Regent of Joseon
Regency21 January 1864 – 31 October 1873
with Queen Sinjeong
PredecessorCheoljong of Joseon
SuccessorQueen Myeongseong
Born24 January 1821
Hanseong, Joseon
Died22 February 1898 (1898-02-23) (aged 77)
Seongjeosibli, Korean Empire
SpouseGrand Internal Princess Consort Sunmok
IssuePrince Imperial Heungchin
Emperor Gojong of Korea
Prince Imperial Waneun (illegitimate)
DynastyHouse of Yi
FatherYi Gu, Prince Namyeon [ko]
MotherPrincess Consort Min
Korean name
Hangul
흥선대원군
Hanja
興宣大院君
Revised RomanizationHeungseon Daewongun
McCune–ReischauerHŭngsŏn Taewŏn'gum
Art name
Hangul
석파
Hanja
石坡
Revised RomanizationSeokpa
McCune–ReischauerSŏkp'a
Birth name
Hangul
이하응
Hanja
李昰應
Revised RomanizationYi Ha-eung
McCune–ReischauerYi Ha-ŭng
Courtesy name
Hangul
시백
Hanja
時伯
Revised RomanizationSibaek
McCune–ReischauerSibaek

Heungseon Daewongun (Korean흥선대원군; Hanja興宣大院君; 24 January 1821 – 22 February 1898) was the title of Yi Ha-eung, the regent of Joseon during the minority of Emperor Gojong in the 1860s. Until his death, he was a key political figure of late Joseon Korea. He was also called the Daewongun (lit.'Grand Internal Prince', sometimes translated as "regent"),[a] Guktaegong,[b] or later Internal King Heonui,[c] and also known to contemporary western diplomats as Prince Gung.[citation needed]

Daewongun literally translates as "prince of the great court", a title customarily granted to the father of the reigning monarch when that father did not reign himself (usually because his son had been adopted as heir of a relative who did reign).[1] While there had been three other Daewonguns during the Joseon dynasty, there was no one as dominant as Yi Ha-Eung in the history of the Joseon dynasty that the term Daewongun usually refers specifically to him.

Joseon was going through changes in many aspects during this period, but was for the most part unable to keep up with the rapidly changing situation the country found itself in. Yi Ha-eung, had to solve both the looming threat posed by Western nations, which were continuously encroaching upon the sovereignty of Eastern states, while at the same time attempt to rebuild a country ravaged by poverty and internal power struggles.[2] He is remembered both for the wide-ranging reforms he attempted during his regency, as well as for what was described by historian Hilary Conroy as "vigorous enforcement of the seclusion policy, persecution of Christians, and the killing or driving off of foreigners who landed on Korean soil".[3]


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  1. ^ K. Kale Yu (2019). Understanding Korean Christianity: Grassroot Perspectives on Causes, Culture, and Responses. Wipf and Stock. p. 84. ISBN 978-1-5326-9253-6.
  2. ^ Kim, Jung-mi. "흥선대원군". terms.naver.com (in Korean). Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  3. ^ Conroy, Hilary (1960). The Japanese Seizure of Korea, 1868–1910: A Study of Realism and Idealism in International Relations. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.