History of Syria

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History of Syria
Prehistory
Levantine corridor Natufian culture Halaf culture Uruk period Abu Hureyra Aswad Yarmukian culture
Bronze Age
Amorites Akkadian Empire Arameans Canaanites Middle Assyrian Empire Ebla Nagar Yamhad Qatna Mari Ugarit Emar Late Bronze Age collapse
Antiquity
Aram-Damascus Syro-Hittite states Neo-Assyrian Empire Neo-Babylonian Empire Achaemenid Syria Seleucid Syria Parthian Empire Roman Syria Palmyrene Empire Byzantine Syria
Middle Ages
Muslim conquest (636) Caliphal Syria (Bilad al-Sham) Umayyad Syria Abbasid Syria Tulunid dynasty Ikhshidid dynasty Zangid dynasty Hamdanid dynasty Mirdasid dynasty Fatimid Syria Saljuqid Syria Crusader states County of Edessa Principality of Antioch County of Tripoli Ayyubid Syria (1174–1260) Mamluk Syria (1260–1516)
Early modern
Ottoman Syria (1516–1918)
Modern
Arab Kingdom of Syria (1920) French Mandate Syrian Federation (1922–25) State of Syria (1925–30) Mandatory Republic (1930–46) Independent First Syrian Republic (1946–50) Second Syrian Republic (1950–58, 1961–63) United Arab Republic (1958–61) Ba'thist Syria (1963–present)
Related articles
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The history of Syria covers events which occurred on the territory of the present Syrian Arab Republic and events which occurred in the region of Syria. Throughout ancient times the territory of present Syrian Arab Republic was occupied and ruled by several empires, including the Sumerians, Mitanni, Assyrians, Babylonians, Egyptians, Hittites, Canaanites, Phoenicians, Arameans, Amorites, Persians, Greeks and Romans.^[1] Syria is considered to have emerged as an independent country for the first time on 24 October 1945, upon the signing of the United Nations Charter by the Syrian government, effectively ending France's mandate by the League of Nations to "render administrative advice and assistance to the population" of Syria, which came in effect in April 1946.

On 21 February 1958, however, Syria merged with Egypt to create the United Arab Republic after plebiscitary ratification of the merger by both countries' nations, but seceded from it in 1961, thereby recovering its full independence. Since 1963, the Syrian Arab Republic has been ruled by the Ba’ath Party, run by the Assad family exclusively since 1970. At present, Syria is fractured between rival forces due to the Syrian Civil War.