The assertion that the Holocaust was a unique event in human history was important to the historiography of the Holocaust, but it has come under increasing criticism in the twenty-first century.[1] Related claims include the claim that the Holocaust is external to history, beyond human understanding,[2] a civilizational rupture (German: Zivilisationsbruch), and something that should not be compared to other historical events.[3][4] Uniqueness approaches to the Holocaust also coincide with the view that antisemitism is not another form of racism and prejudice but is eternal and teleologically culminates in the Holocaust, a frame that is preferred by proponents of Zionist narratives.[5][6]