| Homininae Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Three hominines – an adult human male (Leonard Carmichael) holding a juvenile gorilla (left) and a juvenile chimpanzee (right). | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Suborder: | Haplorhini |
| Infraorder: | Simiiformes |
| Family: | Hominidae |
| Subfamily: | Homininae Gray, 1825 |
| Type species | |
| Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758
| |
| Tribes | |
Homininae (the hominines), is a subfamily of the family Hominidae (hominids). (The Homininae—/hɒmɪˈnaɪniː/—encompass humans, and are also called "African hominids" or "African apes".)[1][2] This subfamily includes two tribes, Hominini and Gorillini, both having extant (or living) species as well as extinct species.
Tribe Hominini includes: the extant genus Homo, which comprises only one extant species—the modern humans (Homo sapiens), and numerous extinct human species; and the extant genus Pan, which includes two extant species, chimpanzees and bonobos. Tribe Gorillini (gorillas) contains one extant genus, Gorilla, with two extant species, with variants, and one known extinct genus. Alternatively, the genus Pan is considered by some to belong, instead of to a subtribe Panina, to its own separate tribe, (so-called) "Panini"—which would be a third tribe for Homininae.
Some classification schemes provide a more comprehensive account of extinct groups—(see section "Taxonomic Classification", below). For example, tribe Hominini shows two subtribes: subtribe Hominina, which contains at least two extinct genera; and subtribe Panina, which presents only the extant genus, Pan (chimpanzees/bonobos), as fossils of extinct chimpanzees/bonobos are very rarely found.
The Homininae comprise all hominids that arose after the subfamily Ponginae (orangutans} split from the line of the great apes. The Homininae cladogram has three main branches leading: to gorillas (via the tribe Gorillini); to humans and to chimpanzees (via the tribe Hominini and subtribes Hominina and Panina―(see graphic "Evolutionary tree", below). There are two living species of Panina, chimpanzees and bonobos, and two living species of gorillas and one that is extinct. Traces of extinct Homo species, including Homo floresiensis, have been found with dates as recent as 40,000 years ago. Individual members of this subfamily are called hominine or hominines—not to be confused with the terms hominins or Hominini.[Note 1]
- ^ Grabowski M, Jungers WL (October 2017). "Evidence of a chimpanzee-sized ancestor of humans but a gibbon-sized ancestor of apes". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 880. Bibcode:2017NatCo...8..880G. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00997-4. PMC 5638852. PMID 29026075.
- ^ Fuss J, Spassov N, Begun DR, Böhme M (2017-05-22). "Potential hominin affinities of Graecopithecus from the Late Miocene of Europe". PLOS ONE. 12 (5): e0177127. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1277127F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177127. PMC 5439669. PMID 28531170.
Cite error: There are <ref group=Note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=Note}} template (see the help page).