Huwala people

Houla
الهُوِلَة
Regions with significant populations
Languages
Gulf Arabic
Religion
Sunni Islam[1]

Huwala (Arabic: الهولة, sing. Huwali هولي) also collectively referred to as Bani Huwala, is a blanket term usually used to refer to Iranian Arabs of tribal lineage who initially migrated to Iran in the 13th and 14th century and intermixed with the indigenous population of older Arabic-speaking background.[2] Such migrations continued till around 19th century to the area which is now Iran's Hormozgan Province and Fars Province, mainly Bandar Abbas, Qishm, and the mainland near Bandar Lengeh.[3][4] The Huwala follows Sunni Islam, as opposed the majority Persian Twelver Shia and similar to Sunni Peninsular Arabs. Most of the Huwala have remigrated back to the Arabian Peninsula between late 19th century and early 20th century. The imposition of restrictive economic policies by Reza Shah in the 1930s led to the migration of most of the Huwala back to the Arabian Peninsula.[5]

The term "Huwala" does not refer to Sunni Larestani Achomi families such as Awadhi, Kandari, Janahi, Khaloori, Zarooni, and Bastaki.[6][7][8][9][10] It specifically refers to the actual Arab Huwalas (Arab El-Sahel), which encompasses the Qawasem, Hammadi, Al Nasur/Nassour, Obaidli, and Bani Tamim tribes.[11][12][13][14]

The original Huwalas are commonly referred to as Arab el-Sahel el-Shargi (Arabic: عرب الساحل الشرقي),[9][8] or simply Arab Faris (Arabic: عرب فارس),[15] but some of them prefer not to be called Huwalas as the term is used for Achomis in the Gulf. On the other hand, Achomis sometimes choose to identify themselves as Huwalas due to societal pressure to assimilate.[6]

Although Huwalas and Achomis have lived in close proximity to each other in Southern Iran, they are genetically dissimilar. Huwalas are relatively recent inhabitants of Southern Iran migrating from Arabia over the past five centuries. However, some have been residing there since the Sassanians, such as the Bani Tamim tribe.

Some families of non-Arab origins have adopted the surnames of Arabian Huwala tribes.[16] For example, they are often Hammadi and Marzooqi only in name.

  1. ^ The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 7 By William Bayne Fisher, P. Avery, G. R. G. Hambly, C. Melville, P.512
  2. ^ Al-Atiqi, Imad, 2019, The Late Arabs of Iran a reading in historical sources before three centuries, Al-Darah, vol 45 no. 3, July 2019
  3. ^ Studia Iranica - Volumes 1-2 و P. Geuthner, 1972 Page 80
  4. ^ Waqai-I Manazil-I Rum; Tipu Sultan's Mission to Constantinople – January 1, 2005 by Mohibbul Hasan, p20
  5. ^ Limbert, John W. (16 August 2016). "Iranian and Arab in the Gulf: Endangered Language, Windtowers, and Fish Sauce". University of Durham, Institute for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies.
  6. ^ a b ADMIN (2016-07-19). "Persian (Larestani/Khodmooni) Sunnis – A shaping force in Bahrain". Archived from the original on 2024-06-25. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  7. ^ McCoy, Eric (2008). Iranians in Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates: Migration, Minorities, and Identities in the Persian Gulf Arab States (PDF). The University of Arizona. pp. 101, 102, 103. OCLC 659750775.
  8. ^ a b "مُتخيّلات الهوية لدى "الهوله" في الخليج" [Identity imaginations of “Al-Huwala” in the Gulf]. البيت الخليجي للدراسات والنشر (in Arabic). 2019-09-01. Archived from the original on 2024-09-07. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  9. ^ a b "كيف يكونون هولة وهم لم يتحدثوا العربية اطلاقا ولم يتعلموها الا في دول الخليج" [How can they be a Huwala when they never spoke Arabic and only learned it in the Gulf countries?]. arabalsahel.com. Archived from the original on 2024-09-03. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ کوخردی, مهران. تاريخ جنوب فارس لارستان و بستك [History of South Persia Laristan and Bastak]. p. 207.
  12. ^ الهارون, جلال خالد; الأنصاري, جمال خالد الهاورن (2008). تاريخ القبائل العربية في السواحل الفارسية (النسحة الالكترونية) [History of Arab tribes on the Persian coast] (in Arabic) (1st ed.). pp. 13, 16, 18, 20, 22.
  13. ^ MBC1 (2024-03-29). مالك بالطويلة 6 | كيف وصلت القبائل العربية إلى إيران وما هي قصة الهولة. Retrieved 2024-09-07 – via YouTube.{{cite AV media}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ تاريخ عرب الهولة والعتوب [History of Huwala Arabs & Utubs] (in Arabic). Jalal Khalid Al-Haron Al-Ansari, Ahmed Yousif Al-Obaidly (1st ed.). الدار العربية للموسوعات. 2011. pp. 63–66. ISBN 978-9953-563-10-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  15. ^ aref mikaniky (2022-05-19). هبان ساحب ابراهيم مايد_نخل جمال(عرب فارس). Retrieved 2024-09-22 – via YouTube.
  16. ^ الفردان, هاني (2015-02-22). "موضة تغيير الألقاب". صحيفة الوسط البحرينية (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2017-05-11. Retrieved 2024-09-07. قد يسأل البعض لماذا؟ ولكن مجرد أن تعرف اللقب الأول أو المستبدل ستفهم المغزى والهدف من التبديل والتحول والتعري منه، في موقفٍ غير منطقي سوى التبرؤ من أصولهم وعوائلهم وأنسابهم طمعاً في تحقيق مكاسب آنية [Some may ask why? But once you know the first or replaced surname, you will understand the meaning and purpose of the change, transformation and stripping away from it, in an illogical position other than disavowing their origins, families and lineages in the hope of achieving immediate gains.]