Hydroxylysine

Hydroxylysine
Names
IUPAC name
(5R)-5-Hydroxy-L-lysine
Systematic IUPAC name
(2S,5R)-2,6-Diamino-5-hydroxyhexanoic acid
Other names
  • 5-Hydroxy-L-lysine
  • α,ɛ-Diamino-δ-hydroxycaproic acid
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.013.388 Edit this at Wikidata
KEGG
MeSH Hydroxylysine
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C6H14N2O3/c7-3-4(9)1-2-5(8)6(10)11/h4-5,9H,1-3,7-8H2,(H,10,11)/t4-,5+/m1/s1 checkY
    Key: YSMODUONRAFBET-UHNVWZDZSA-N checkY
  • C(C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)[C@H](CN)O
Properties
C6H14N2O3
Molar mass 162.189 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Hydroxylysine (Hyl) is an amino acid with the molecular formula C6H14N2O3. It was first discovered in 1921 by Donald Van Slyke as the 5-hydroxylysine form.[1] It arises from a post-translational hydroxy modification of lysine. It is most widely known as a component of collagen.[2]

It is biosynthesized from lysine via oxidation by lysyl hydroxylase enzymes. The most common form is the (5R) stereoisomer found in collagen. However, the enzyme JMJD6 has recently been shown to be a lysyl hydroxylase which modifies an RNA splicing factor producing the (5S) stereoisomer. Additionally, in E. coli, there has been at least one lysine N-hydroxylase enzyme identified, named IucD.[3]

  1. ^ Van Slyke, DD.; Hiller, A. (Jul 1921). "An Unidentified Base among the Hydrolytic Products of Gelatin". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 7 (7): 185–6. Bibcode:1921PNAS....7..185V. doi:10.1073/pnas.7.7.185. PMC 1084845. PMID 16586836.
  2. ^ Hydroxylysine at University of Oulu
  3. ^ de Lorenzo, V.; et al. (Feb 1986). "Aerobactin biosynthesis and transport genes of plasmid ColV-K30 in Escherichia coli K-12". J. Bacteriol. 165 (2): 570–8. doi:10.1128/jb.165.2.570-578.1986. PMC 214457. PMID 2935523.