| Hyperphosphatemia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Phosphate group chemical structure | |
| Specialty | Endocrinology, nephrology |
| Symptoms | None, calcium deposits, muscle spasms[1] |
| Complications | Low blood calcium[1] |
| Causes | Kidney failure, pseudohypoparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, diabetic ketoacidosis, tumor lysis syndrome, rhabdomyolysis[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Blood phosphate > 1.46 mmol/L (4.5 mg/dL)[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | High blood lipids, high blood protein, high blood bilirubin[1] |
| Treatment | Decreasing intake, calcium carbonate[1] |
| Frequency | Unclear[2] |
Hyperphosphatemia is an electrolyte disorder in which there is an elevated level of phosphate in the blood.[1] Most people have no symptoms while others develop calcium deposits in the soft tissue.[1] The disorder is often accompanied by low calcium blood levels, which can result in muscle spasms.[1]
Causes include kidney failure, pseudohypoparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, diabetic ketoacidosis, tumor lysis syndrome, and rhabdomyolysis.[1] Diagnosis is generally based on a blood phosphate level exceeding 1.46 mmol/L (4.5 mg/dL).[1] Levels may appear falsely elevated with high blood lipid levels, high blood protein levels, or high blood bilirubin levels.[1]
Treatment may include a phosphate low diet and antacids like calcium carbonate that bind phosphate.[1] Occasionally, intravenous normal saline or kidney dialysis may be used.[1] How commonly it occurs is unclear.[2]