Hyperphosphatemia

Hyperphosphatemia
Phosphate group chemical structure
SpecialtyEndocrinology, nephrology
SymptomsNone, calcium deposits, muscle spasms[1]
ComplicationsLow blood calcium[1]
CausesKidney failure, pseudohypoparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, diabetic ketoacidosis, tumor lysis syndrome, rhabdomyolysis[1]
Diagnostic methodBlood phosphate > 1.46 mmol/L (4.5 mg/dL)[1]
Differential diagnosisHigh blood lipids, high blood protein, high blood bilirubin[1]
TreatmentDecreasing intake, calcium carbonate[1]
FrequencyUnclear[2]

Hyperphosphatemia is an electrolyte disorder in which there is an elevated level of phosphate in the blood.[1] Most people have no symptoms while others develop calcium deposits in the soft tissue.[1] The disorder is often accompanied by low calcium blood levels, which can result in muscle spasms.[1]

Causes include kidney failure, pseudohypoparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, diabetic ketoacidosis, tumor lysis syndrome, and rhabdomyolysis.[1] Diagnosis is generally based on a blood phosphate level exceeding 1.46 mmol/L (4.5 mg/dL).[1] Levels may appear falsely elevated with high blood lipid levels, high blood protein levels, or high blood bilirubin levels.[1]

Treatment may include a phosphate low diet and antacids like calcium carbonate that bind phosphate.[1] Occasionally, intravenous normal saline or kidney dialysis may be used.[1] How commonly it occurs is unclear.[2]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Hyperphosphatemia". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  2. ^ a b Ronco C, Bellomo R, Kellum JA (2008). SPEC - Critical Care Nephrology Expert Consult (Book Program) Pincard. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 533. ISBN 978-1437711110.