Hypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism
SpecialtyEndocrinology
Symptomshypocalcemia
MedicationRecombinant human parathyroid hormone, Palopegteriparatide

Hypoparathyroidism is decreased function of the parathyroid glands with underproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH). This can lead to low levels of calcium in the blood, often causing cramping and twitching of muscles or tetany (involuntary muscle contraction), and several other symptoms. It is a very rare disease. The condition can be inherited, but it is also encountered after thyroid or parathyroid gland surgery, and it can be caused by immune system-related damage as well as a number of rarer causes. The diagnosis is made with blood tests, and other investigations such as genetic testing depending on the results. The primary treatment of hypoparathyroidism is calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Calcium replacement or vitamin D can ameliorate the symptoms but can increase the risk of kidney stones and chronic kidney disease.[1] Additionally, medications such as recombinant human parathyroid hormone or teriparatide may be given by injection to replace the missing hormone.[2]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Bilezikian was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Mannstadt, Michael; Clarke, Bart L; Bilezikian, John P; Bone, Henry; Denham, Douglas; Levine, Michael A; Peacock, Munro; Rothman, Jeffrey; Shoback, Dolores M; Warren, Mark L; Watts, Nelson B; Lee, Hak-Myung; Sherry, Nicole; Vokes, Tamara J (1 November 2019). "Safety and Efficacy of 5 Years of Treatment With Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone in Adults With Hypoparathyroidism". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 104 (11): 5136–5147. doi:10.1210/jc.2019-01010. hdl:1805/22077.