An inert gas is a gas that does not readily undergo chemical reactions with other chemical substances and therefore does not readily form chemical compounds. Though inert gases have a variety of applications, they are generally used to prevent unwanted chemical reactions with the oxygen (oxidation) and moisture (hydrolysis) in the air from degrading a sample. Generally, all noble gases except oganesson (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon), nitrogen, and carbon dioxide are considered inert gases. The term inert gas is context-dependent because several of the inert gases, including nitrogen and carbon dioxide, can be made to react under certain conditions.[1][2]
Purified argon gas is the most commonly used inert gas due to its high natural abundance (78.3% N2, 1% Ar in air)[3] and low relative cost.
Unlike noble gases, an inert gas is not necessarily elemental and is often a compound gas. Like the noble gases, the tendency for non-reactivity is due to the valence, the outermost electron shell, being complete in all the inert gases.[4] This is a tendency, not a rule, as all noble gases and other "inert" gases can react to form compounds under some conditions.
- ^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "inert gas". doi:10.1351/goldbook.I03027
- ^ "Carbon Dioxide 101 | netl.doe.gov". netl.doe.gov. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
- ^ "Argon - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table". www.rsc.org. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
- ^ Singh, Jasvinder. The Sterling Dictionary of Physics. New Delhi, India: Sterling, 2007. 122.