1976–2005 conflict in northwest Sumatra, Indonesia
For the conflict with the Dutch, see
Aceh War.
Insurgency in Aceh |
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Female soldiers of the Free Aceh Movement with GAM commander Abdullah Syafei'i, 1999 |
Date | 4 December 1976 – 15 August 2005 (28 years, 8 months, 1 week and 4 days) |
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Location | |
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Result |
- Indonesian tactical victory
- Helsinki peaceful Memorandum of Understanding
- Special autonomy granted to Aceh
- Disarmament of the GAM
- End of GAM's claim of independence
- Departure of non-organic Indonesian troops, leaving only 25,000 soldiers in the province
- Aceh Monitoring Mission
- Regional elections held
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Belligerents |
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Free Aceh Movement |
Commanders and leaders |
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Suharto (1976–1998) B. J. Habibie (1998–1999) Abdurrahman Wahid (1999–2001) Megawati Sukarnoputri (2001–2004) Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004–2005) Try Sutrisno Endriartono Sutarto Sutiyoso Bambang Darmono Da'i Bachtiar |
Hasan di Tiro Malik Mahmud Zaini Abdullah Abdullah Syafi'i †[1] Muzakir Manaf Sofyan Daud Ayah Muni †[2] Ishak Daud †[3] |
Strength |
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12,000 (1990)[4] 30,000 (2001)[4] 15,000 (2002)[5] 35,000[6]–50,000 (2003)[4] |
25 (1976)[7] 200 (1979–1989)[7] 750 (1991)[5] 15,000–27,000 (1999)[7] 3,000 (2005)[8] |
Casualties and losses |
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less than 100 killed[9] |
Civilians and military killed: 100 (1976–79)[7] 2,000–10,000 (1991–1992)[7] 393 (1993)[7] 1,041 (2000)[7] 1,700 (2001)[7] 1,230 (2002)[7]
Total: 15,000 total dead[10] |
The insurgency in Aceh, officially designated the Rebellion in Aceh (Indonesian: Pemberontakan di Aceh) by the Indonesian government, was a conflict fought by the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) between 1976 and 2005, with the goal of making the province of Aceh independent from Indonesia. The aftermath of a strong military offensive in 2003 and the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami brought a peace agreement and an end to the insurgency.[11]
- ^ Indonesia – OCHA consolidated situation report No. 60 http://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-ocha-consolidated-situation-report-no-60#sthash.zrgPBcJj.dpuf ReliefWeb, 25 January 2002
- ^ TNI claims to have shot GAM commander Archived 3 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine The Jakarta Post, 30 May 2011
- ^ "ISHAK DAUD, War of the End in Alue Nireh". steemit. 2 December 2018.
- ^ a b c Uppsala conflict data expansion. Non-state actor information. Codebook pp. 295–296
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
REF1
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
- ^ Global Security – Free Aceh Movement
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Michael L.Ross (2007). "Resources and Rebellion in Aceh , Indonesia" Archived 30 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine (PDF), pp. 6. The World Bank.
- ^ ECP. Annuario 2006 de procesos de paz. Vicenç Fisas Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine pág. 75.
- ^ Paul, Christopher; Clarke, Colin P.; Grill, Beth; Dunigan, Molly (2013). "Indonesia (Aceh), 1976–2005". Paths to Victory. RAND Corporation. pp. 403–414. ISBN 9780833081094. JSTOR 10.7249/j.ctt5hhsjk.47.
- ^ "Indonesia agrees Aceh peace deal". BBC News. 17 July 2005. Retrieved 11 October 2008.
- ^ "Insurgency in Aceh | The Resilience of Nature". blogs.ntu.edu.sg. Retrieved 13 May 2020.