 | This article needs to be updated. (April 2022) |
The Internet is accessible to the majority of the population in Egypt, whether via smartphones, internet cafes, or home connections. Broadband Internet access via VDSL is widely available.
Under the rule of Hosni Mubarak, Internet censorship and surveillance were severe, culminating in a brief total shutdown of the Internet in Egypt during the 2011 Revolution.[1] Although Internet access was soon quickly restored following Mubarak's order that year, government censorship and surveillance later increased years later following the overthrow in 2013 of Mohamed Morsi, leading the American NGO Freedom House to downgrade Egypt's Internet freedom rating from "partly free" in 2011 to "not free" in 2015, which the country has retained in subsequent reports, including the most recent in 2023.[2][3] Under the presidency of Morsi's successor Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, the ruling government has ramped up online censorship in Egypt.[4] The government heavily censors online news websites, which has prompted the closure of many independent news outlets in Egypt.[4]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
FH-Egypt-2011was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Freedom on the Net 2017, Egypt (PDF) (Report). Freedom House. November 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
- ^ "Egypt: Freedom on the Net 2023 Country Report". Freedom House. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
- ^ a b Lutscher, Philipp M. (2023). "When Censorship Works: Exploring the Resilience of News Websites to Online Censorship". British Journal of Political Science: 1–9. doi:10.1017/S0007123422000722. hdl:10852/102610. ISSN 0007-1234. S2CID 256293127.