Interpellation (philosophy)

Not to be confused with interpolation or interpolation (disambiguation).
For the parliamentary procedure of the same name, see Interpellation (politics).
This article is about philosophy. For sociology and creation of self-concept, see Internalization (sociology).
For Freud's psychology, see Identification (psychology).
For the position in the "nature versus nurture" debate in psychology and philosophy of mind, see Social determinism, Cultural determinism, Enculturation, Tabula rasa, Social learning theory, and Externalism.

Interpellation is a concept introduced to Marxist theory by Louis Althusser as the mechanism through which pre-existing social structures "constitute" (or construct) individual human organisms as subjects (with consciousness and agency). Althusser asked how people come voluntarily to live within class, gender, racial or other identities, and argued that this happens through "state apparatuses" (such as the family, mass media, schools, churches, the judicial system, police, government) continually telling individuals what they are from infancy. In this way, apparatuses maintain the social order. In Althusser's view, apparatuses call us (or ‘hail’ us, French interpeller) by labels, and we learn to respond to those labels. In this structuralist philosophy, social structures constitute subjects rather than individuals constituting their own subjectivity for themselves.[1]

  1. ^ Daniel Chandler and Rod Munday, "Interpellation", in A Dictionary of Media and Communication (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), ISBN 9780199568758.