| Interstitial cystitis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Bladder pain syndrome (BPS),[1] painful bladder syndrome (PBS), IC/BPS, IC/PBS, UCPPS[2] |
 | |
| Hunner's lesion seen in some interstitial cystitis patients by cystoscopy[3][4] | |
| Pronunciation | |
| Specialty | Urology |
| Symptoms | Chronic pain of the bladder, feeling the need to urinate right away, needing to urinate often, pain with sex[1] |
| Complications | Depression, irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia[1][5] |
| Usual onset | Middle age[1] |
| Duration | Long term[1] |
| Causes | Unknown[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on the symptoms after ruling out other conditions[5] |
| Differential diagnosis | Urinary tract infection, overactive bladder, sexually transmitted infections, endometriosis, bladder cancer, prostatitis[1][6] |
| Treatment | Lifestyle changes, medications, procedures[1] |
| Medication | Ibuprofen, pentosan polysulfate, amitriptyline[1] |
| Frequency | 0.5% of people[1][5] |
Interstitial cystitis (IC), a type of bladder pain syndrome (BPS), is chronic pain in the bladder and pelvic floor of unknown cause.[1] It is the urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome of women.[2] Symptoms include feeling the need to urinate right away, needing to urinate often, and pain with sex.[1] IC/BPS is associated with depression and lower quality of life.[5] Many of those affected also have irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia.[1]
The cause of interstitial cystitis is unknown.[1] While it can, it does not typically run in a family.[1] The diagnosis is usually based on the symptoms after ruling out other conditions.[5] Typically the urine culture is negative.[5] Ulceration or inflammation may be seen on cystoscopy.[5] Other conditions which can produce similar symptoms include overactive bladder, urinary tract infection (UTI), sexually transmitted infections, prostatitis, endometriosis in females, and bladder cancer.[1][6]
There is no cure for interstitial cystitis and management of this condition can be challenging.[1] Treatments that may improve symptoms include lifestyle changes, medications, or procedures.[1] Lifestyle changes may include stopping smoking and reducing stress.[1] Medications may include ibuprofen, pentosan polysulfate, or amitriptyline.[1] Procedures may include bladder distention, nerve stimulation, or surgery.[1] Kegel exercises and long term antibiotics are not recommended.[5]
In the United States and Europe, it is estimated that around 0.5% of people are affected.[1][5] Women are affected about five times as often as men.[1] Onset is typically in middle age.[1] The term "interstitial cystitis" first came into use in 1887.[7]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x "Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome fact sheet". OWH. 16 July 2012. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
- ^ a b Adamian L, Urits I, Orhurhu V, Hoyt D, Driessen R, Freeman JA, Kaye AD, Kaye RJ, Garcia AJ, Cornett EM, Viswanath O (May 2020). "A Comprehensive Review of the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management of Urologic Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome". Curr Pain Headache Rep. 24 (6): 27. doi:10.1007/s11916-020-00857-9. PMID 32378039. S2CID 218513050.
- ^ Persu C, Cauni V, Gutue S, Blaj I, Jinga V, Geavlete P (2010). "From interstitial cystitis to chronic pelvic pain". Journal of Medicine and Life. 3 (2): 167–74. PMC 3019050. PMID 20968203.
- ^ Stedman TL (2005). Stedman's Medical Eponyms. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 344. ISBN 9780781754439.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Hanno PM, Erickson D, Moldwin R, Faraday MM, American Urological A (May 2015). "Diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: AUA guideline amendment". The Journal of Urology. 193 (5): 1545–53. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2015.01.086. PMID 25623737. Archived from the original on 20 April 2014.
- ^ a b Bogart LM, Berry SH, Clemens JQ (2007). "Symptoms of interstitial cystitis, painful bladder syndrome and similar diseases in women: a systematic review". The Journal of Urology. 177 (2): 450–456. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2006.09.032. PMID 17222607. S2CID 14482415.
- ^ Bostwick DG, Cheng L (2014). Urologic Surgical Pathology (3 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 208. ISBN 9780323086196. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016.