Ion Biberi | |
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 Biberi in 1937 | |
| Born | 21 July 1904 |
| Died | 27 September 1990 (aged 86) |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | University of Bucharest |
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Ion Biberi (21 July 1904 – 27 September 1990) was a Romanian psychiatrist and anthropologist, also active as an essayist, fiction writer, dramatist, translator and critic. Born into a mixed Romanian–French–German family, he spent most of his life in the Oltenian city of Turnu Severin, and was rather cut off from the center of culture in Bucharest. Young Biberi was interested in philosophy, literature, and popular science, including amateur astronomy and human genetics; his worldview was shaped by the works of Mihai Eminescu, Hippolyte Taine, Erwin Baur, and later Henri Bergson. He was also a child soldier in World War I, and his early experience of human disaster informed a lasting interest in thanatology. His first works were articles on scientific subjects published when he was still a teenager. At around that time, he also crossed paths with the younger author Mircea Eliade, who later became an additional influence on his work, and a generational leader.
Debuting with essays in the late 1920s, and with novels in the mid-1930s, Biberi sparked controversy for his commitment to experimental literature—bridging his work in psychiatry and his appreciation of James Joyce. He was welcomed by Eliade as an exponent of the Trăirists, who cultivated authenticity and investigated liminal states; later critics, as well as Biberi himself, noted that his role within that movement was somewhat marginal. His regular contribution was as a literary columnist for the Francophone daily Le Moment, wherein he introduced Romanian literature to foreign readers; he defended artistic freedoms against threats of censorship from the far-right, and as a result forged strong bonds with a few likeminded critics, including Șerban Cioculescu and Mihail Sebastian. As a social scientist, he aspired to bridge Bergson's theories with the products of structuralism. Biberi's interdisciplinarity, which evolved into a personal claim to multiple expertise, was appreciated in some circles, but always derided in others.
Inactive during most of World War II, Biberi reemerged on the literary scene after the August 1944 coup, as one of the intellectuals who collaborated with the Romanian Communist Party. Though he openly rejected Marxism, he was inducted into the communist-aligned Union of Patriots, joined a council for the supervision of theaters, and contributed in the generic left-wing press. His works of that time include a book of interviews with various peers in the literary world, noted in retrospect for its vain hope that the coming regime would be an enhanced democracy. The proclamation of a communized republic saw him marginalized and braving starvation. Biberi was recovered only around 1965, when the regime had entered its national-communist stage. He could return as a social scientist, but also as a biographer, theater columnist, debuting dramatist, art critic, textbook author, anthologist, and researcher of poetics. As an interviewer, Biberi contributed directly to the regime's propaganda. His final and synthetical works were celebrated investigations into fantasy tropes. He died at the age of 86, shortly after the end of communism, leaving a large corpus of works in manuscript.