Isaac Shelby | |
|---|---|
 Circa 1820 | |
| 1st and 5th Governor of Kentucky | |
| In office August 24, 1812 – September 5, 1816 | |
| Lieutenant | Richard Hickman |
| Preceded by | Charles Scott |
| Succeeded by | George Madison |
| In office June 4, 1792 – June 1, 1796 | |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | James Garrard |
| Personal details | |
| Born | December 11, 1750 Hagerstown, Province of Maryland |
| Died | July 18, 1826 (aged 75) Lincoln County, Kentucky, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic-Republican |
| Spouse | Susannah Hart |
| Relations |
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| Residence | Traveler's Rest |
| Profession | |
| Awards | |
| Signature |  |
| Nickname | Old Kings Mountain |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom United States |
| Branch/service | Virginia Colonial Militia Continental Army Kentucky Militia |
| Years of service | 1774–1815 |
| Rank | Governor of Kentucky |
| Commands | |
| Battles/wars |
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Isaac Shelby (December 11, 1750 – July 18, 1826) was an American politician and military officer who was the first and fifth Governor of Kentucky and served in the state legislatures of Virginia and North Carolina. He also fought in Lord Dunmore's War, the American Revolutionary War, and the War of 1812. While governor, he led the Kentucky militia in the Battle of the Thames, an action that was rewarded with a Congressional Gold Medal. Counties in nine states, and several cities and military bases, have been named in his honor. His fondness for John Dickinson's "The Liberty Song" is believed to be the reason Kentucky adopted the state motto "United we stand, divided we fall".
Issac Shelby's military service began when he served as second-in-command to his father at the Battle of Point Pleasant, the only major battle of Lord Dunmore's War. He gained the reputation of an expert woodsman and surveyor and spent the early part of the Revolutionary War gathering supplies for the Continental Army. Later in the war, he and John Sevier led expeditions over the Appalachian Mountains against the British forces in North Carolina. He played a pivotal role in the British defeat at the Battle of Kings Mountain. For his service, Shelby was presented with a ceremonial sword and a pair of pistols by the North Carolina legislature, and the nickname "Old Kings Mountain" followed him the rest of his life.
Following the war, Isaac Shelby relocated to Kentucky on lands awarded to him for his military service and became involved in Kentucky's transition from a county of Virginia to a separate state. His heroism made him popular with the state's citizens, and the Kentucky electoral college unanimously elected him governor in 1792. He secured Kentucky from Indian attacks and organized its first government. He used the Citizen Genêt affair to convince the Washington administration to conclude an agreement with the Spanish Empire for free trade on the Mississippi River.
At the end of his gubernatorial term, Isaac Shelby retired from public life, but he was called back into politics by the impending War of 1812. Kentuckians urged Shelby to run for governor again and lead them through the anticipated conflict. He was elected easily and, at the request of General William Henry Harrison, commanded troops from Kentucky at the Battle of the Thames. After the war, he declined President James Monroe's offer to become Secretary of War. In his last act of public service, Shelby and Andrew Jackson acted as commissioners to negotiate the Jackson Purchase from the Chickasaw Indian tribe. Isaac Shelby died at his estate in Lincoln County, Kentucky on July 18, 1826.