Ishana

Ishana
Regent of the Northeast Direction[1]
AffiliationShiva, Deva
GenderMale

Ishana (Sanskrit: ईशान, IAST: Īśāna), is a Hindu god and the dikapala of the northeast direction. He is often considered to be one of the forms of the god Shiva,[2][3] and is also often counted among the eleven Rudras.[3] He is venerated in Hinduism,[4][2][5] some schools of Buddhism[6] and Jainism.[7] In the Vastu Shastra, the north-eastern corner of a plot of land is referred to as "Ishana".[8] Ishana also shares qualities with Samhara Bhairava and is therefore a part of the Ashta Bhairava.

  1. ^ "Ishana, Īśānā, Īṣaṇa, Īsāna, Isana, Īśāna: 39 definitions". 12 April 2009.
  2. ^ a b Gopinatha Rao, T. A. (1916). Elements Of Hindu Iconography, Vol. II Part II. p. 537.
  3. ^ a b Apte, Vaman Shivram (1965). The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary (Fourth Revised and Enlarged ed.). Motilal Banarsidass. p. 252. ISBN 0-89581-171-5.
  4. ^ Gopinatha Rao, T. A. (1916). Elements Of Hindu Iconography, Vol. II Part II. p. 515.
  5. ^ Marie, Stella (9 March 2009). "4" (PDF). The Significance of the Mūla Beras in the Hindu Temples of Tamil Nadu: With Special Reference To Bharatanatyam and Hindu Iconography (PhD). Bharathidasan University. hdl:10603/5089. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  6. ^ English, Elizabeth (15 June 2002). Vajrayogini: Her Visualization, Rituals, and Forms. Wisdom Publications. pp. 313, 142. ISBN 978-0-86171-329-5.
  7. ^ Bhattacharya, B. C. (1939). The Jaina Iconography (1939). Motilal Banarsidass. p. 115.
  8. ^ Acharya, Prasanna Kumar (1934). Architecture Of Manasara Vol.5. p. 39.