J. Pinckney Henderson | |
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| United States Senator from Texas | |
| In office November 9, 1857 – June 4, 1858 | |
| Appointed by | Elisha M. Pease |
| Preceded by | Thomas Jefferson Rusk |
| Succeeded by | Matthias Ward |
| 1st Governor of Texas | |
| In office February 19, 1846 – December 21, 1847 | |
| Lieutenant | Albert Clinton Horton |
| Preceded by | Anson Jones (as president of the Republic of Texas) |
| Succeeded by | George Tyler Wood |
| Minister to England and France Republic of Texas | |
| In office 1837–1840 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | March 31, 1808 Lincolnton, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Died | June 4, 1858 (aged 50) Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 5 |
| Alma mater | University of North Carolina |
| Occupation | Lawyer, diplomat |
| Signature |  |
James Pinckney Henderson (March 31, 1808 – June 4, 1858) was an American and Republic of Texas lawyer, politician, and soldier, and the first governor of the State of Texas.