James Hardy (surgeon)

James Hardy
Born
James D. Hardy

May 14, 1918
Newala, Alabama, U.S.
DiedFebruary 19, 2003(2003-02-19) (aged 84)
Mississippi, U.S.
EducationUniversity of Alabama, Tuscaloosa
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
Known forFirst lung transplant in 1963 with patient John Russell living for 18 days.

First overall and first animal-to-human heart transplant in 1964 with patient Boyd Rush living for only 1 hour and not regaining consciousness.
Spouse
Louise Scott Sams
​
(m. 1949)​
Scientific career
InstitutionsStark General Hospital, Charleston
University of Tennessee, Memphis
University of Mississippi
American College of Surgeons

James D. Hardy (May 14, 1918 – February 19, 2003) was a United States surgeon who performed the world's first lung transplant into John Russell, who lived 18 days. The transplant was performed at the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson, Mississippi on June 11, 1963.[1][2][3][4]

Hardy also attempted the world's first modern heart transplant when he transplanted the heart of a chimpanzee into comatose and dying Boyd Rush's chest during the early morning of January 24, 1964. This heart beat for approximately one hour, and then Rush died without regaining consciousness.[5][6][7] The consent form did not disclose that a chimpanzee heart might be used, although Hardy stated that he had discussed this with Rush's stepsister.[8][9] Before the transplant attempt, Hardy asked the four doctors who would be assisting him, to vote whether to proceed. One said yes, one abstained, and the last two nodded yes.[10] This operation was also performed at the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson.[11] It was the world's first modern heart xenotransplant since Hardy used a chimp's heart.[8]

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  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Anesthesia-For-Transplant-Surgery-Sood-Vohra-2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Second-Wind-Mary-Jo-Festle-2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference UMMC-Bruce-Coleman-2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference JAMA-June-29-1964 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Every-Second-Counts-Mississippi-Gambling was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference New-York-Times-February-21-2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Brief-History-of-Cross-Species-Baylor-2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference Xenotransplantation-McLean-Williamson-page-50 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference Every Second Counts, Hardy polls 4 doctors assisting him with heart transplant into patient Boyd Rush, pages 124-25 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference former-nurse-Joyce-Caracci-UMMC-profile was invoked but never defined (see the help page).