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James Hardy | |
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Born | James D. Hardy May 14, 1918 Newala, Alabama, U.S. |
Died | February 19, 2003 Mississippi, U.S. | (aged 84)
Education | University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia |
Known for | First lung transplant in 1963 with patient John Russell living for 18 days. First overall and first animal-to-human heart transplant in 1964 with patient Boyd Rush living for only 1 hour and not regaining consciousness. |
Spouse |
Louise Scott Sams (m. 1949) |
Scientific career | |
Institutions | Stark General Hospital, Charleston University of Tennessee, Memphis University of Mississippi American College of Surgeons |
James D. Hardy (May 14, 1918 – February 19, 2003) was a United States surgeon who performed the world's first lung transplant into John Russell, who lived 18 days. The transplant was performed at the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson, Mississippi on June 11, 1963.[1][2][3][4]
Hardy also attempted the world's first modern heart transplant when he transplanted the heart of a chimpanzee into comatose and dying Boyd Rush's chest during the early morning of January 24, 1964. This heart beat for approximately one hour, and then Rush died without regaining consciousness.[5][6][7] The consent form did not disclose that a chimpanzee heart might be used, although Hardy stated that he had discussed this with Rush's stepsister.[8][9] Before the transplant attempt, Hardy asked the four doctors who would be assisting him, to vote whether to proceed. One said yes, one abstained, and the last two nodded yes.[10] This operation was also performed at the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson.[11] It was the world's first modern heart xenotransplant since Hardy used a chimp's heart.[8]
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