Jeewanu

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Jeewanu (Sanskrit for "particles of life") are synthetic chemical particles that possess cell-like structure and seem to have some functional properties; that is, they are a model of primitive cells, or protocells.[1][2][3] It was first synthesised by Krishna Bahadur (20 January 1926 — 5 August 1994), an Indian chemist and his team in 1963.[4][5][6] Using photochemical reaction, they produced coacervates, microscopic cell-like spheres from a mixture of simple organic and inorganic compounds. Bahadur named these particles 'Jeewanu' because they exhibit some of the basic properties of a cell, such as the presence of semipermeable membrane, amino acids, phospholipids and carbohydrates. Further, like living cells, they had several catalytic activities.[1] Jeewanu are cited as models of protocells for the origin of life,[7][8] and as artificial cells.[1]

  1. ^ a b c Grote M (September 2011). "Jeewanu, or the 'particles of life'. The approach of Krishna Bahadur in 20th century origin of life research" (PDF). Journal of Biosciences. 36 (4): 563–70. doi:10.1007/s12038-011-9087-0. PMID 21857103. S2CID 19551399. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 24, 2015.
  2. ^ Bahadur K, Ranganayaki S, Folsome C, Smith A (1980). A functional approach to the origin of life problem (PDF). Vol. Golden Jubilee Conmmemoration Volume. National Academy of Sciences, India.
  3. ^ "Jeewanu – Introduction". Jeewanu. Archived from the original on 2014-03-23. Retrieved 2014-03-22.
  4. ^ Bahadur K, et al. (1963). "Synthesis of Jeewanu, the units capable of growth, multiplication and metabolic activity". Vijnana Parishad Anusandhan Patrika. 9: 117–127.
  5. ^ Bahadur K (1974). "Photochemical formation of self-sustaining coacervates" (PDF). Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite Naturwissenschaftliche Abt. 130 (3): 211–8. doi:10.1016/s0044-4057(75)80076-1. PMID 1242552. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-19.
  6. ^ Bahadur K (1975). "Photochemical formation of self-sustaining coacervates". Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite Naturwissenschaftliche Abt. 130 (3): 211–8. doi:10.1016/S0044-4057(75)80076-1. PMID 1242552.
  7. ^ Gànti T (2003). Chemoton Theory: Theory of Living Systems. New York (US): Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. p. 329. ISBN 9780306477850.
  8. ^ Gánti, T. (2003) The Principles of Life, Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198507260