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Jewish refugees from Nazism are Jews who were forced to leave their place of residence due to persecution by the Nazis, their allies and collaborators between 1933 and 1945. The proportion of those who survived compared to those who died is about half in different countries.[1]
Since the 1930s, right-wing regimes with anti-Semitic policies came to power in the Nazi Germany and some other European countries. These events led to the emergence of hundreds of thousands of Jewish refugees. Between 350,000[2] and 400,000[3] Jews left Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia before the start of World War II. Of the 235,000 Jewish immigrants to Palestine from 1932 to 1939,[1] approximately 60,000 were German Jews.[4]
During World War II, millions of Jews were forced to evacuate areas occupied by the German army and its allies, and most of those who remained were forcibly moved to ghettos and then either killed on the spot or deported to extermination camps.
Many countries, fearing the influx of refugees, created obstacles and did not grant them entry permits. Even news of the mass murder of Jews by the Nazis did not become a reason to reconsider this policy. After the war, the rise of anti-Semitism in Europe and the desire of the surviving victims of the genocide to go to Palestine caused a conflict with the anti-immigration policy of the British Mandate authorities. In the 1950s and later, questions of material compensation for victims of persecution were addressed.
- ^ a b The fifth wave of repatriation (1932–1939)
- ^ Migrations
- ^ Yehuda Bauer. American Jewry and the Holocaust: The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 1939–1945. Wayne State University Press, p. 26. 1981. ISBN 978-0-8143-1672-6.
- ^ From a Minority Movement to a National Movement: The Fifth Aliyah (1929–1939). Methodological materials on the history of Zionism. Jewish Agency for Israel