John Bowring

Sir John Bowring KCB FRS FRGS
John Bowring in 1826
4th Governor of Hong Kong
In office 13 April 1854 – 9 September 1859
Monarch	Victoria
Lieutenant Governor	MG William Jervois MG Robert Garrett MG Thomas Ashburnham MG Charles van Straubenzee
Preceded by	Sir George Bonham
Succeeded by	Hercules Robinson, 1st Baron Rosmead
Member of Parliament for Bolton
In office 1841–1849 Serving with Peter Ainsworth (1841–1847), William Bolling (1847–1848) and Stephen Blair (1848–1849)
Preceded by	Peter Ainsworth William Bolling
Succeeded by	Stephen Blair Joshua Walmsley
Member of Parliament for Kilmarnock Burghs
In office 1835–1837
Preceded by	John Dunlop
Succeeded by	John Campbell Colquhoun
Personal details
Born	(1792-10-17)17 October 1792 Exeter, Devon, England
Died	23 November 1872(1872-11-23) (aged 80) Claremont, Devon, England
Political party	Radical
Spouses	Maria Lewin ​ ​ (m. 1816; died 1858)​ Deborah Castle ​ ​ (m. 1860)​
Children	John Charles Lewin Bentham Edgar Alfred Emily Aloysia
Profession	Member of Parliament (UK)
Chinese name
Chinese	寶寧
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin bǎo níng Yue: Cantonese Jyutping bou2 ning4
Thai name
Thai	พระยาสยามมานุกูลกิจ สยามมิตรมหายศ
RTGS	Phraya Sayam Manukunkit Sayammit Mahayot

Sir John Bowring KCB FRS FRGS,^{[note 1]} or Phrayā Siam Mānukūlakicca Siammitra Mahāyaśa^{[note 2]} (17 October 1792 – 23 November 1872) was a British political economist, traveller, writer, literary translator, polyglot and the fourth Governor of Hong Kong. He was appointed by Queen Victoria as emissary to Siam, later he was appointed by King Mongkut of Siam as ambassador to London, also making a treaty of amity with Siam on 18 April 1855, now referred to as the "Bowring Treaty". His namesake treaty was fully effective for 70 years, until the reign of Vajiravudh. This treaty was gradually edited and became completely ineffective in 1938 under the government of Plaek Phibunsongkhram. Later, he was sent as a commissioner of Britain to the newly created Kingdom of Italy in 1861. He died in Claremont in Devon on 23 November 1872.
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