Johor Sultanate کسلطانن جوهر Kesultanan Johor | |
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1528–1855 1886–1942 1942–1945 (Japanese occupation) 1945–1946 1948–present | |
Status | Rump state of the Malaccan Sultanate |
Capital |
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Common languages | Malay |
Religion | Sunni Islam |
Government | Absolute Monarchy |
Sultan | |
• 1528–1564 | Alauddin Riayat Shah II (first) |
• 1812–1830 | Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah (last official sultan) |
• 1819–1835 | Hussein Shah (puppet monarch) |
• 1835–1855 | Ali Iskandar Shah (last sultan of Johor Sultanate) |
Bendahara | |
• 1513–1520 | Tun Khoja Ahmad (first) |
• 1806–1857 | Tun Ali (last) |
Currency | Tin ingot, native gold and silver coins |
Today part of | Malaysia Singapore Indonesia |
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The Johor Sultanate (Malay: Kesultanan Johor or کسلطانن جوهر; also called the Sultanate of Johor, Johor-Pahang-Riau-Lingga, or the Johor Empire) was founded by Sultan of Malacca Mahmud Shah's son, Alauddin Riayat Shah II in 1528.[citation needed]
Prior to being a sultanate of its own right, Johor had been part of the Malaccan Sultanate before the Portuguese captured its capital in 1511. At its height, the sultanate controlled territory in what is now modern-day Johor, Pahang, Terengganu, territories stretching from the rivers of Klang to the Linggi and Tanjung Tuan, situated respectively in Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Malacca (as an exclave), Singapore, Pulau Tinggi and other islands off the east coast of the Malay Peninsula, the Karimun Islands, the islands of Bintan, Bulang, Lingga and Bunguran, and Bengkalis, Kampar and Siak in Sumatra.[2]
During the colonial era, the mainland part was administered by the British, and the insular part by the Dutch, thus breaking up the sultanate into Johor and Riau. In 1946, the British section became part of the Malayan Union. Two years later, it joined the Federation of Malaya and subsequently, the Federation of Malaysia in 1963. In 1949, the Dutch section became part of Indonesia.