Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action

See also: United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231
Not to be confused with Comprehensive Plan of Action.

Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
Officials announcing the agreement
Created14 July 2015
RatifiedN/A (ratification not required)
Date effective
  • 18 October 2015 (adoption)[1]
  • 16 January 2016 (implementation)[2]
LocationVienna, Austria
SignatoriesCurrent
 China
 France
 Germany
 Iran
 Russia
 United Kingdom
 European Union

Withdrawn

 United States (2018)[3]
PurposeNuclear non-proliferation

The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA; Persian: برنامه جامع اقدام مشترک, romanized: barnāmeye jāme'e eqdāme moshtarak (برجام, BARJAM)),[4][5] also known as the Iran nuclear deal or Iran deal, is an agreement to limit the Iranian nuclear program in return for sanctions relief and other provisions. The agreement was finalized in Vienna on 14 July 2015, between Iran and the P5+1 (the five permanent members of the United Nations S.C.—China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, U.S.—plus Germany)[a] together with the European Union.

Formal negotiations began with the adoption of the Joint Plan of Action, an interim agreement signed between Iran and the P5+1 countries in November 2013. Iran and the P5+1 countries engaged in negotiations for the following 20 months and, in April 2015, agreed on an Iran nuclear deal framework, which later led to JCPOA, along with a Roadmap Agreement between Iran and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).[8]

Negotiations centered around sanctions relief and restrictions on Iran's nuclear facilities, including the Arak IR-40 reactor, Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant, Gachin Uranium Mine, Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant, Isfahan Uranium Conversion Plant, Natanz Uranium Enrichment Plant, and the Parchin Military Research complex.

The agreement took effect on 20 January 2014.[9] It was criticized and opposed in the U.S., Israel, Saudi Arabia, and by Iranian principlists.[10][11]

The U.S. withdrew from the pact in 2018 and imposed sanctions under the policy of "maximum pressure". The sanctions applied to all countries and companies doing business with Iran and cut it off from the international financial system, rendering the nuclear deal's economic provisions null.[12]

  1. ^ "EU officially announces October 18 adoption day of JCPOA". Islamic Republic News Agency. 18 October 2015. Archived from the original on 9 April 2019. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
  2. ^ "UN chief welcomes implementation day under JCPOA". Islamic Republic News Agency. 17 January 2016. Archived from the original on 9 April 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  3. ^ Holpuch, Amanda (8 May 2018). "Donald Trump says US will no longer abide by Iran deal – as it happened". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
  4. ^ pronounced [bæɾˈdʒɒːm]
  5. ^ "Zarif: We've never claimed nuclear deal only favors Iran". Tehran Times. 22 July 2015. Archived from the original on 14 June 2016. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
  6. ^ Keating, Joshua (30 September 2009). "You say P5+1, I say E3+3". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 8 November 2017.
  7. ^ Lewis, Jeffrey (13 July 2015). "E3/EU+3 or P5+1". Arms Control Wonk. Archived from the original on 11 August 2015.
  8. ^ Daniel, Joyner (2016). Iran's nuclear program and international law : from confrontation to accord (First ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190635718. OCLC 945169931.
  9. ^ DeYoung, Karen; Morello, Carol (15 July 2015). "The path to a final Iran nuclear deal: Long days and short tempers". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 17 July 2015.
  10. ^ Sharon, Itamar; Beck, Jonathan; Lewis, Avi (14 July 2015). "Netanyahu: Israel 'not bound' by Iran deal, will defend itself". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  11. ^ "Poll: Israelis overwhelmingly certain Iran still wants nukes". The Times of Israel. 16 July 2015. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 25 December 2018.
  12. ^ "Trump tightens the screws on Iran's oil". Brookings. Archived from the original on 11 May 2024. Retrieved 15 April 2024.


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