Josephine Brunsvik

Josephine Brunszvik, miniature drawn by pencil, before 1804.

Josephine Brunsvik or Countess Jozefina Brunszvik de Korompa, Countess Josephine Deym, (Hungarian: Brunszvik Jozefina; 28 March 1779 – 31 March 1821) was probably the most important woman in the life of Ludwig van Beethoven, as documented by at least 15 love letters he wrote her where he called her his "only beloved", being "eternally devoted" to her and "forever faithful”. Several musicologists consider her to be the most likely recipient of the mysterious "Letter to the Immortal Beloved".[1]

  1. ^ La Mara (1920), Kaznelson (1954), Riezler (1962), Massin (1970), Goldschmidt (1977), Tellenbach (1983, 1987), Beahrs (1986, 1988, 1993), Dahlhaus (1991), Pichler (1994), Steblin (2002, 2007, 2009).